Post by djoser-xyyman on Mar 15, 2013 17:44:20 GMT -5
This one gave me a hard-on. Intellectually that is¡¦
Not only are H1 and H3 of African origin, evidence now point to U5(the other typical European female lineage being also African. Read on¡¦.
The study apparently confirms than U5 in Africa is OLDER than European U5 which aligns with R-V88. It may turn out that all major European lineage has an African origin rather than Middle Eastern.
Better choice of word ie ¡°affiliation¡± vs ¡°origin¡±. Seems like Kivisild is carefully bucking the trend.
===============
MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region(2004)
Alexandra Rosa1,2, Anto¢¥ nio Brehm2,∗, Toomas Kivisild1, Ene Metspalu1 and Richard Villems1
The Bijag¢¥os (religion Animism)inhabit the Archipelago of the same name and some scholars see strong cultural resemblances to Egyptians (Quintino, 1964),
The presence of Ychromosomes of Eurasian affiliationamong populations from Cameroon at a high frequency, as reported recently (Cruciani et al. 2002), raises the intriguing question of back migrations from Eurasia to Africa, here supported by the presence of particular Eurasian mtDNA lineages among Guineans.
M1 and U6 are found in North and East Africa, Arabia, and the Middle East, whereas U5 has been sampled at appreciable frequencies only in Europe (Passarino et al. 1998; Quintana-Murci et al. 1999; Richards et al. 2000). The haplogroup
European Lineages: U5
Ten individuals out of 372 samples, all related to Fulbe groups, carried mtDNA variants typical of western Eurasia, particularly Europe.Within these mtDNAs belonging to haplogroup U5 nine Fulanis share one particular HVS-I haplotype. BOTH HAPLOTYPES ARE ONLY ONE MUTATIONAL STEP AWAY FROM A COMMON NODE WIDESPREAD IN EUROPE
TRANSLATION: The Fulanis are one mutational step away from being European¡¦.no! no! The European women are one mutational step away from being Fulanis'.!!!!
The founder haplotype of L0a in Guineans, GB4 (see Table 4 in Complementary Material), has an exact match in East Africa, the Middle East and in Cape Verde and Senegal Mandenka populations, indicating that its spread is not strictly restricted to Guineans. The
Haplogroups L3b, L3d, and L3e are rare or absent in indigenous populations of North and South Africa but well represented in our sample. GB127 and GB134 are particular links of Guinean groups to Northwest African Mozabites, Moroccans and Senegalese
Although U5 is one of the most frequent mtDNA variants among western Eurasians (about 460 sequences in our mtDNA HVS-I database) no exact matches to the two Guinean haplotypes were found, as would be expected in the case of recent admixture. On the other hand, the Fulani U5 haplotype appears in a data set of West Africans (Wolof and Serer, Rando et al. 1998) and in Moroccans (unpublished data), pointing to the existence of a common African founder lineage of haplogroup U5..
More data from North and West African populations is needed to better characterize the source and the time of the spread of this founder lineage.
The notable L haplotype sharing with North Africans testifies to the absence of a real barrier between this region and typical sub-Saharan populations
The U6 presence in the Guinean pool, although at a low frequency, is not surprising, as these particular lineages have already been reported for this region. It seems plausible that the U5 lineages observed in the Fula arrived in Guin¢¥e via Sahel from North Africa before the slave trade
Y-chromosome lineages identified in West Africa. Haplogroup R1 (defined by M173mutation), without further branch defining mutations (M269 and M17) specific to Europeans, accounted for ¡40% of the Y-chromosomes in North- Cameroon, while not yet having been sampled elsewhere in Africa
Not only are H1 and H3 of African origin, evidence now point to U5(the other typical European female lineage being also African. Read on¡¦.
The study apparently confirms than U5 in Africa is OLDER than European U5 which aligns with R-V88. It may turn out that all major European lineage has an African origin rather than Middle Eastern.
Better choice of word ie ¡°affiliation¡± vs ¡°origin¡±. Seems like Kivisild is carefully bucking the trend.
===============
MtDNA Profile of West Africa Guineans: Towards a Better Understanding of the Senegambia Region(2004)
Alexandra Rosa1,2, Anto¢¥ nio Brehm2,∗, Toomas Kivisild1, Ene Metspalu1 and Richard Villems1
The Bijag¢¥os (religion Animism)inhabit the Archipelago of the same name and some scholars see strong cultural resemblances to Egyptians (Quintino, 1964),
The presence of Ychromosomes of Eurasian affiliationamong populations from Cameroon at a high frequency, as reported recently (Cruciani et al. 2002), raises the intriguing question of back migrations from Eurasia to Africa, here supported by the presence of particular Eurasian mtDNA lineages among Guineans.
M1 and U6 are found in North and East Africa, Arabia, and the Middle East, whereas U5 has been sampled at appreciable frequencies only in Europe (Passarino et al. 1998; Quintana-Murci et al. 1999; Richards et al. 2000). The haplogroup
European Lineages: U5
Ten individuals out of 372 samples, all related to Fulbe groups, carried mtDNA variants typical of western Eurasia, particularly Europe.Within these mtDNAs belonging to haplogroup U5 nine Fulanis share one particular HVS-I haplotype. BOTH HAPLOTYPES ARE ONLY ONE MUTATIONAL STEP AWAY FROM A COMMON NODE WIDESPREAD IN EUROPE
TRANSLATION: The Fulanis are one mutational step away from being European¡¦.no! no! The European women are one mutational step away from being Fulanis'.!!!!
The founder haplotype of L0a in Guineans, GB4 (see Table 4 in Complementary Material), has an exact match in East Africa, the Middle East and in Cape Verde and Senegal Mandenka populations, indicating that its spread is not strictly restricted to Guineans. The
Haplogroups L3b, L3d, and L3e are rare or absent in indigenous populations of North and South Africa but well represented in our sample. GB127 and GB134 are particular links of Guinean groups to Northwest African Mozabites, Moroccans and Senegalese
Although U5 is one of the most frequent mtDNA variants among western Eurasians (about 460 sequences in our mtDNA HVS-I database) no exact matches to the two Guinean haplotypes were found, as would be expected in the case of recent admixture. On the other hand, the Fulani U5 haplotype appears in a data set of West Africans (Wolof and Serer, Rando et al. 1998) and in Moroccans (unpublished data), pointing to the existence of a common African founder lineage of haplogroup U5..
More data from North and West African populations is needed to better characterize the source and the time of the spread of this founder lineage.
The notable L haplotype sharing with North Africans testifies to the absence of a real barrier between this region and typical sub-Saharan populations
The U6 presence in the Guinean pool, although at a low frequency, is not surprising, as these particular lineages have already been reported for this region. It seems plausible that the U5 lineages observed in the Fula arrived in Guin¢¥e via Sahel from North Africa before the slave trade
Y-chromosome lineages identified in West Africa. Haplogroup R1 (defined by M173mutation), without further branch defining mutations (M269 and M17) specific to Europeans, accounted for ¡40% of the Y-chromosomes in North- Cameroon, while not yet having been sampled elsewhere in Africa