Phenotype of Neolithic Hungarian Farmers – 4000BC

[djoser-xyyman]

As I said. Light skin is NOT a European originated gene. You are right Dr Winters. There were waves upon waves of Africans. Africans do cast a wide net.

---------------

Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory
Cristina Gamba1, Ron Pinhasi1,2,3,12,* - Oct2014


The Great Hungarian Plain was a crossroads of cultural transformations that have shaped
European prehistory. Here we analyse a 5,000-year transect of human genomes, sampled
from petrous bones giving consistently excellent endogenous DNA yields, from 13 Hungarian
Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age burials including two to high (B22_) and seven to
B1_ coverage, to investigate the impact of these on Europe’s genetic landscape. These
data suggest genomic shifts with the advent of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with
interleaved periods of genome stability. The earliest Neolithic context genome shows a
European hunter-gatherer genetic signature and a restricted ancestral population size,
suggesting direct contact between cultures after the arrival of the first farmers into Europe.
The latest, Iron Age, sample reveals an eastern genomic influence concordant with introduced
Steppe burial rites. We observe transition towards lighter pigmentation and surprisingly, no
Neolithic presence of lactase persistence.

[djoser-xyyman]

As the evidence emerging clearly shows the researchers don’t know What they are talking about., at least inferring from the data. Europeans did NOT turn light skin12,000ya, as the following “live”(in situ) data now shows, selective sweep only took place about 1000BC. Prior to that Europeans were black skinned. Furthermore. R1b-M269 is still ABSENT in Europe!!!!!! If R1b-M269 came from the East to Western Europe it should be noticeable by 2000BC. R1b-M269 WAS NOT PRESENT in Europe then. So where did R1b-M269 originate?

This is not rocket science and not a fairy tale. This is a fact!!



------------
Quote from the study:

Beyond inferences about individual phenotypes, we have used our results to examine the population genetic affinities of a temporal transect of genome sequences from burials on the Great Hungarian Plain, a region of high archaeological significance for major European cultural transitions. We investigated samples across a diversity of archaeological cultures and show evidence for major shifts in genome affinity accompanying the advents of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, strongly implying that these changes in material culture were accompanied by***** SUBSTANTIAL***** migrations. The Neolithic genomes reported here accord with prior German, Scandinavian and Alpine early farmer genomes in showing an immigrant signature of Southern Mediterranean affinity2,5,6,8. However, an intriguing finding is that of a single individual with a strongly Mesolithic genomic signature within the context of the Ko¨ro¨s culture, part of the earliest Neolithic of Southern Europe. This is the earliest genetic indication of contact between these two subsistence strategies. In the Middle and Late Hungarian Neolithic local Mesolithic influence is further discernible through the appearance of mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplogroups typical of European hunter-gatherer populations, concurring with other evidence for admixture in the ancestry of European farmers5,8,22,23.

[djoser-xyyman]

So the story is unfolding…sort of.

The paper is consistent with all recent papers on ancient DNA of Europeans. There is a discontinuity with the Levant/Near East and strong affinity with….Sardinia. Yes, Sardinia a large island “claimed” by Europe in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea. And Island that also neighbors Africa. So I guess the new “spin” is that Neolithic farmers came from Sardinia. Ha! Ha! Ha! Europeans! And their delusions and deceptions.

May be someone forgot to tell them that Sardinia is an island. Lol! Interestingly North Africa was not included in the dataset. Sneaky bastards!

Oh! And Sardinia, Crete and Malta was the first Europe “lands”, albeit all Islands, that showed earliest signs of agriculture. Now isn’t that a coincidence . HE! HE

Are they taking their time coming to realization or are they just stretching this out as long as possible? Milking the clock so to speak.

One other thing is very apparent from this new paper. The Bronze Age saw a new set of migrants coming into Europe. So Europeans are shaping up to be a highly admixed group of people.

Are these new bronze age migrants…ANE? Keeping in mind per Lazaridis that the WHG were not admixed with ANE.

[zarahan]

Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory
Cristina Gamba1, Ron Pinhasi1,2,3,12,* - Oct2014


The Great Hungarian Plain was a crossroads of cultural transformations that have shaped
European prehistory. Here we analyse a 5,000-year transect of human genomes, sampled
from petrous bones giving consistently excellent endogenous DNA yields, from 13 Hungarian
Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age burials including two to high (B22_) and seven to
B1_ coverage, to investigate the impact of these on Europe’s genetic landscape. These
data suggest genomic shifts with the advent of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with
interleaved periods of genome stability. The earliest Neolithic context genome shows a
European hunter-gatherer genetic signature and a restricted ancestral population size,
suggesting direct contact between cultures after the arrival of the first farmers into Europe.
The latest, Iron Age, sample reveals an eastern genomic influence concordant with introduced
Steppe burial rites. We observe transition towards lighter pigmentation and surprisingly, no
Neolithic presence of lactase persistence.


So there was dark skin before this transition? WHat's the time frame
of the transition as maintained in the study?

[djoser-xyyman]

Oct 22, 2014 20:07:30 GMT -5 zarahan said:

Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory
Cristina Gamba1, Ron Pinhasi1,2,3,12,* - Oct2014
We observe transition towards lighter pigmentation and surprisingly, no
Neolithic presence of lactase persistence.


So there was dark skin before this transition? WHat's the time frame
of the transition as maintained in the study?

[djoser-xyyman]

from the study ...homozygous for the light skin gene(selective sweep) took place at the end of the Neolithic sometime in the Copper Age......according to the data presented. Also Hirplex 'assumes" ie probably blue eyes. These early Europeans were like La Brana. Black skin and light eyes....fascinating!!!!.

This is ONE of SEVERAL papers concluding the exact same thing.



oh! CO1 = copper age.

Also keep in mind South Saharans are heterozygous, NOT homozygous as Europeans(ie two alleles each from mother and father). This means Africans carry the gene for light skin but it has not been "breed in" unlike Europeans where it is "breed in".


==========

My BS perception(sic) - when the moon, stars and sun align in Africa occationally a unusual light skin Afriacan will appear. I am speculating that within Europe the small gene pool and inbreeding led to rise in the homozygous nature.



========

Nevertheless the fact is Africans are heterozygous while Europeans are homozygous Slc45A2, SLC 24A5 and TYR. Meaning the gene orginated IN Africa but slective sweep occured IN Europe. According to Shriver, it is a cumulative effect.

[zarahan]

Do you have some other scholarly quotes than pin down the selective
sweep more closely? What would be a "money quote" on this?

[djoser-xyyman]

For the lurkers and those who wants to know what the chart shows.

Several things to keep in mind

1. You get two sets of the same gene or genome. One from your mother and one from your father. Allele 1 and Allele 2


2. Most Africans are either heterozygous or negative for the light skin markers(SLC45A2, SLC24A5, TYR). The result, they are dark skin. {b]“ Allele 1 and Allele 2[/b], essential means that parent 1 or parent 2. If the offspring carry ALL light skin markers and are homozygous then they are undoubtedly “white”. This first appears in CO1 at about 2700-2900BC!! The further back in time eg KO1 and NE1. Their genetic profile is heterozygous or negative like most Africans which mean they were black skinned. Albeit KO1 had light eyes. NE1 had black skin, dark eyes and black hair. Hair texture was not disclosed


3. Note if Allele 1 and Allele 2 is the same then the individual is homozygous. CO1 is homozygous for ALL genes. Therefore he is undoubtedly white. 2700-2900BC.


4. Also interestingly, ALL Neolithic(supposedly milk farmers) are negative for LCT. The first individual that is carry the LCT gene is BR2(bronze age 1170 -1270BC. And he was heterozygous, which means selective sweep for drinking milk as an adult did NOT occur until maybe the Iron Age or very recently in Europe. They were BSing all along!!!


Mekova and Rees et al, posted on ESR, observed Africans carry some homozygosity for SOME of the genes but not all at the same time. South Africans seemed to carry a lot more tropical Africans. That is why she stated “removal of the constraint ie UV”. South Africa is essentially temperate ie low UV. They are observed to be lighter in complexion to tropical Africans. They also have a higher frequency of lighter eyes. See OP by Wasserman et al in Bantus with blue eye thread on ESR..

Any questions, hit me up.