More evidence on the age and appearance of R1b-M269

[djoser-xyyman]

More evidence on the age and appearance of R1b-M269. It is being extremely young NOT MORE THAN 7kyo but really starting expanding about the Bronze Age and/or later. This is the latest of a few studies that put the emergence of R1b-M269 AFTER the Neolithic. E1b1b-M35 and G2a has a much earlier dominance and prevalence IN Europe during the Neolithic. However, The authors sampling plan is still skewed. They have the oldest/most diverse form of R1b-M269 in Greece and Turkey. And the youngest in the north My interpretation of this is R1b-M269 emerged in the Medit Sea area. But this is still unresolved. The Yamanya connection is big leap-of-faith. The FACT is Greece and Turkey share the OLDEST version of R1b-M269 and followed by Palestine and OTHER Southern Population. Since Iberia has such a high frequency of R1b-M269 it would have been prudent to include more samples from the Medit Islands. But they did not. Really sloppy work. It reality what they did affirm that R1b-M269 originated in the SOUTH and NOT from the Yamanya.


(corrected some typos)

[djoser-xyyman]

So. What is South of Greece and Palestine? Lol!


Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing - Chiara Batini, Mark A. Jobling(May2015)

Quote:
Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting for 64% of our sample, have very recent coalescent times, ranging between 3.5 and 7.3 KYA. A continuous swathe of 13/17 populations share similar histories featuring a demographic EXPANSION STARTING B2.1–4.2 KYA. Our results are compatible with ancient MSY DNA data, and contrast with data on mitochondrial DNA, indicating a widespread male-specific phenomenon that focuses interest on the social structure of Bronze Age Europe.


The most frequent western European lineage, hg R1b-M269, was originally believed to have originated in the Palaeolithic10, but in more recent analysis was assigned a Neolithic origin11, a claim challenged in turn12 on the basis of STR choice and sample ascertainment. In general, dates based on STRs are problematic because of uncertainty about appropriate mutation rates, and possible long-term mutation saturation due to their stepwise mutation processes13. Palaeolithic dates for the major lineages are challenged by scanty ancient MSY DNA data, which suggest a marked discontinuity between 5–7 KYA and the present14. A major cause of the controversy about MSY evidence is that unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have until recently been impossible to obtain in large samples. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) generally offers unbiased ascertainment of MSY SNPs, providing phylogenies in which topologies inform about past demography, and branch lengths are in principle proportional to time, avoiding dating problems associated with STRs. Some insights have emerged from recent work15,16, but no systematic population-based NGS study across Europe has yet been undertaken.

[djoser-xyyman]

Here, we use targeted NGS of European and Middle Eastern populations to show that Europe was effected by a major continent-wide expansion in PATRILINEAGES THAT POST-DATES THE NEOLITHIC TRANSITION. Resequencing at high coverage of 3.7Mb of MSY DNA, in each of 334 males comprising 17 population samples, defines an unbiased phylogeny containing 5,996 high confidence single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Dating indicates that three major lineages (I1, R1a and R1b), accounting


reconstructions17 a continuous swathe of 13/17 populations from the Balkans to the British and Irish Isles share similar histories featuring a minimum effective population size B2.1–4.2 KYA, followed by expansion to the present. Together with other data on maternally inherited mtDNA16,18 and autosomal DNA19, our results indicate a recent widespread male-specific phenomenon that may point to social selection, and refocuses interest on the social and population structure of Bronze Age Europe


I2-P215 (9.0%), R1a- M198 (7.5%) and J2-M172 (7.5%). Some clades show geographically-restricted distributions, with hg N1c-M178 being most frequent in the Saami, and sub-lineages of haplogroups E, G and J prevalent in the Mediterranean area. The shapes of different clades within the tree (Fig. 1a) vary greatly. Haplogroups E1b-M35, G2a-L31, I2-P215, J2-M172, L-M11 and T-M70 contain LONG BRANCHES WITH DEEP-ROOTING NODES, whereas I1-M253, N1c-M178, R1a-M198 and R1b-M269 show much shallower genealogies. Haplogroup R1B-M269 IS PARTICULARLY STRIKING, containing a remarkable star phylogeny within which 44 terminal branches (13.2% of the total), found in 13 of the 17 sampled populations, descend as a multifurcation from a single node without any sub-structure whatsoever, despite the extensive nature of the sequencing carried out. These qualitative features of the phylogeny are supported by values of the average number of mutations from the ancestral node to branch tips, and also by estimates of time-to-most-recent-common-ancestor (TMRCA) (Table 1) derived by two different methods. Considering haplogroups R1b-M269, R1a-M198 and I1-M253, and the 95% highest posterior density intervals of their TMRCAs, 64% of the MSY sequences sampled in our study descend from three ancestors who each lived more recently than B7.3 KYA.



understand past demography, we applied a population approach: Table 2 shows diversity parameters for the 17 populations. When we consider the diversity from a molecular perspective (as the number of polymorphic sites) the highest diversity is in Turkey and Greece, CLOSELY followed by Other Southern Populations (including Palestinians), and THE LOWEST in Saami and Orkney. Consistent with this, there is a SIGNIFICANT correlation of decreasing diversity both from south to north, and east to west (Supplementary Table 3), a clinal pattern that might be compatible with a model of demic diffusion from the Middle East. Considering instead the distribution of haplotypes, assessed as median number of singletons (here defined as variants that appear only once within a given population), BY FAR the highest diversity is seen in Turkey and Greece, with the lowest diversity in the Saami and Palestinians—

Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) (Fig. 2) reveal the variation of effective population size with time21. The plots are consistent with patterns seen in the relative numbers of singletons, described above, in that the Saami and Palestinians show markedly different demographic histories compared with the rest, featuring very recent reductions, while the Turks and Greeks show evidence of general expansion, with increased growth rate around 14 KYA. A


notably, there is no significant correlation between the age at which effective population size was at a minimum before expansion (Supplementary Table 4), and either latitude or longitude (Supplementary Table 3). Taken together, the very recent age of the demographic shift and its lack of geographical pattern suggest that its origin is DISTINCT FROM that of the diffusion of agriculture


The RECENT and RAPID CONTINENT-WIDE demographic changes we observe suggest a remarkably widespread transition affecting paternal lineages. This picture is confirmed in an independent analysis of MSY diversity in the pooled HGDP CEPH panel European samples16, and is compatible with current (n¼98) ancient DNA data for MSY (Fig. 3; Supplementary Table 8), in which hgs R1a, R1b and I1 are absent or rare in sites dating before 5 KYA, whereas hgs G2a and I2 are prevalent.


however, does not show recent and sudden expansion. This suggests that the RECENT EVENTS responsible for shaping modern MSY variation were MALE SPECIFIC.

[djoser-xyyman]

Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing - Chiara Batini, Mark A. Jobling(May2015)
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What is really hilarious is that these Euro males(on blogs and forums) are overjoyed but don’t really understand what the paper means. ( I was kicked out these sites so I can no longer educate them). They see 7ky and automatically ASSUME some sort of near Paleolithic presence in Europe! But the reality is the author is stating AT MOST the mutation probably occurred 7kya. But more likey 5Kya. In addition, of the sampled population they “tested” points to a “southern origin”(whatever that means) not the Yamanya/Steppes. The oldest more diverse population acrry R1b-M269, in their dataset, being Greece/Turkey, and Palestine a close 2nd. They concluded that the modern European male line R1b/R1a/I1 is very young and started expanding deep into Europe just before the turn of the millenium. Now what was the stimulus or cultural make up for such a massive expansion is perplexing. The fact of the matter is just as I suspected a few years ago. The modern European male line has absolute no part in the Neolithic, no part in AE and was not even in existence during the Paleolithic!! And looking at the aDNA results so far in European Nobility , European male dominance came into existence ONLY during the medieval times. It emerged in the “South” probably lay dormant and then exploded on the scene about late Bronze Age or after. It is really comic that the “whitest people” like the Okney/Orcadians are the YOUNGEST, carrying R1b-M269 while the darkest like Palestinians and Greeks are the oldest and more diverse. Unfortunately Sardinia was NOT included in the dataset. I wonder why? He! He! He!

Where did the lineage actual arose? That is the million dollar question. Undoubtedly the evidence again points to the “South”. Now wouldn’t THAT be a twist of faith. But we are almost there.

[snakepit]

Interesting stuff, thanks for posting. I've got some reading to do now! lol