Post by clydewin98 on Jul 21, 2017 18:34:49 GMT -5
A GENETIC CHRONOLOGY OF AFRICAN Y-CHROMOSOMES R-V88 AND R-M269 IN AFRICA AND EURASIA
*Clyde Winters
Department of Archaeogenetics, Uthman dan Fodio Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60643
ABSTRACT
There is a global distribution of Y-Chromosome R-M343 subclades across the African continent. The
major subclades are R-M269 and R-V88. The V88 subclade is the oldest clade to separate from R-M343.
The V88 sub-clade, had relatives in Early Neolithic samples from across a wide geographic area from
Iberia, eastward to Germany and Samara. This would place carriers of relatives of V88 among the
Yamnaya and Bell Beaker people. Given the wide distribution of V88 and M269 in Africa and Neolithic
Europe suggest that, the Bell Beaker and Yamnaya people were Africans, not Indo-Europeans, because
these cultural complexes and the people who practiced these cultures originated in Africa.
Keywords: Haplogroup (hg), Bell Beaker, Iberia, Yamnaya, Subclades, Megalithic
www.cibtech.org/J-LIFE-SCIENCES/PUBLICATIONS/2017/VOL-7-NO-2/04-JLS-004-WINTERS-A-EURASIA.pdf