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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Jan 26, 2019 16:43:52 GMT -5
PoliSci and Black Studies using the concept since ~1968.
This thread is about people papers and institutions invention and use of the term and is designed for those interested in learning its application these past 50 years and are willing to listen to what previous generations in the Struggle have left for us to inherit.
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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Jan 26, 2019 17:10:23 GMT -5
Racism is both overt and covert.
It takes two, closely related forms: individual whites acting against individual blacks, and acts by the total white community against the black community.
We call these individual racism and institutional racism.
The first consists of overt acts by individuals, which cause death, injury or the violent destruction of property. This type can be recorded by television cameras; it can frequently be observed in the process of commission.
The second type is less overt, far more subtle, less identifiable in terms of specific individuals committing the acts. But it is no less destructive of human life.
The second type originates in the operation of established and respected forces in the society, and thus receives far less public condemnation than the first type.
When white terrorists bomb a black church and kill five black children, that is an act of individual racism, widely deplored by most segments of the society.
But when in that same city - Birmingham, Alabama - five hundred black babies die each year because of the lack of proper food, shelter and medical facilities, and thousands more are destroyed and maimed physically, emotionally and intellectually because of conditions of poverty and discrimination in the black community, that is a function of institutional racism.
When a black family moves into a home in a white neighborhood and is stoned, burned or routed out, they are victims of an overt act of individual racism which many people will condemn - at least in words.
But it is institutional racism that keeps black people locked in dilapidated slum tenements, subject to the daily prey of exploitative slumlords, merchants, loan sharks and discriminatory real estate agents.
The society either pretends it does not know of this latter situation, or is in fact incapable of doing anything meaningful about it.
- Stokely Carmichael - (Trini-American now known as Kwame Toure RIP) Black Power: The Politics of Liberation
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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Jan 26, 2019 17:29:44 GMT -5
... the concept of ‘institutional racism’, a term that has come to occupy an increasingly significant space in public discourse in the English-speaking world since it was coined by American authors Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Touré) and Charles Hamilton in their 1967 work, Black Power (see Chapter 1). We shall look at definitions, and note the two broad strands of the core idea (which is a separation of individual from collective forms of racial discrimination) that have developed in two different directions. Chapter 7: Institutional Racism Steve Garner Racisms: An Introduction DOI: dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446279106.n7
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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Jan 26, 2019 17:44:33 GMT -5
Any action, intentional or unintentional, that is based on race or skin color and that subordinates an individual or group based on skin color or race is racism. Racism can be enacted individually or institutionally. (13) However, much of the scholarship on racial issues over the last 40 years has focused on individual racism. (14) Nevertheless, institutions are just as capable of being racist. Institutions can behave in ways that are overtly racist (i.e., specifically excluding Blacks from services) or inherently racist (i.e., adopting policies that result in the exclusion of Blacks). (13) United States Commission on Civil Rights, The Health Care Challenge: Acknowledging Inequity, Confronting Discrimination, and Ensuring Equality, Volume I, the Role of Governmental and Private Health Care Programs and Initiatives, 287 No. 902-00062-2 (September 1999). A “reluctant racist” is an institution that purports to have no negative biases or prejudices against Blacks but has definite discriminatory behaviors. For example, an institution could hold no negative beliefs about Blacks but prescribe pain medications differently to Blacks as an indirect result of some other policies. This is the most pervasive form of racism and also the hardest to challenge. Reluctant racism occurs due to mistaken stereotypes, biases or prejudices that are acted out in an unthinking manner or through policies, practices, or procedures of institutions that have a disproportionately negative impact on Blacks. (17) Often, the behavior is motivated by non-race based reasons (e.g. economics). Because of this non-racial motivation, individuals leading and managing institutions often do not believe that their institutions are being racist. Furthermore, it is even more difficult for the institutions to change the behavior. For example, some teaching hospitals do pelvic exams on unconscious female black patients in surgery without the patient’s consent in order to train interns, and the hospitals do so without a conscious desire to discriminate. These hospitals would fit into this category of reluctant racist. Once an institution becomes aware of the discriminatory impact of its policies and practices and yet fails to change the policies and practices, then the institution is no longer a “reluctant racist” but an “overt racist”. - Vernellia R. Randall - What is Institutional Racism? academic.udayton.edu/race/2008electionandracism/raceandracism/racism02.htm#_edn1 edit: AGAIN, PLEASE READ THE OP AND RESPECT THIS THREADS INTENT. Thank you.
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Post by kel on Jan 26, 2019 18:55:19 GMT -5
Once again....i see ur point....but "institutions" are inanimate constructions.
They are only the repository of the PEOPLE who staff them. If policy recommendations and implementations coming from them are racist that is because said institution is staffed by RACISTS or is lead by RACISTS or a combo of the two and there are too many RACISTS in said institution.
Solution: 1. Ban racists from said institutions 2. Reduce the presence of racists in the institutions 3. Enacts Anti-Racist screening procedures.
Policies like 'affirmative action'were intended to do just that.....however racists quickly moved to dilute the meaning and intent of it to include: white women, white gays, white trans, jews, etc.........everybody EXCEPT the folks most likely to be anti Racist: Hetereosexual Black Males.
This is also why racists fought so hard to mangle the notion of 'quotas'...... After all, how can u reduce the number of racists in an institution without mandating that a certain percentage of non racists MUST be a part of said institution.
Change the people and u change the institution.
(The implication here is powerful. Its means that having white exclusively in charge of institutions that enact policy which affects blacks is inherently suspect.)
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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Jan 26, 2019 19:27:19 GMT -5
www.thoughtco.com/what-is-institutional-racism-721594Tom Head (2018) with many exemplary related links www.jstor.org/stable/23898509FROM INSTITUTIONAL RACISM TO EVERYDAY RACISM: EXPLORATORY NOTES E. San Juan Jr. Philippine Sociological Review Vol. 40, No. 1/4 (January-December 1992), pp. 76-82 core.ac.uk › download › pdf Institutional racism and ethnic inequalities: C Phillips (2011) Continuing for those willing to learn about institutional racism and affect meaningful effective counter strategies against it per • Liberation Struggle activists (who invented the term) • PoliSci professionals and students • Institutes whose purpose is combatting institutional racism Personal opinions are just that, personal and opinions. Existence of institutional racism is not my personal opinion. And this is not a freeform rap thread. I invite personal opinion out of courtesy but will ignore it as] invalid unless accompanied by support from Liberation Struggle, political science, or anti-racist institute sources. To support non-existance of institutional racism please cite or quote those who benefit from it and so, deny it to keep it alive like Mike Pense. Meanwhile yet another IR reference I didn't make up myself
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Post by kel on Jan 26, 2019 21:46:51 GMT -5
repeating the same thing by various sources doesnt make it more true........it just makes it clear that the issue is more misunderstood by people than I thought. racist workers in institutions create racist policies ( consciously and sunbconsciously)( explicit and implicit bias). and it is the effects of those PERSONS and their DECISIONS which create the racist policies and effects. Therefore: there is no "institutional" racism, but institutions which produce racist policies due to their employees/managers/execs/policy makers etc. Change the people and you change the policies produced by the institutions. FOR EXAMPLE: the disaster known as public education in US Urban centers where blacks happen to love is NOT the product of "racist Department of Education" but is a product of the almost entirely white (and jewish) executive personell who run them and the white politicians who control funding decisions etc. The teachers and principals are largely whites, white women, and (now more black women). The deplorable state of the product is a direct result of those personel. What you do not see in Urban schools are the high number or even acceptable number of the type of people who would be the best anti-racists: Hetereosexual Black Men. The presence of more of them in the "institutions" would change the results drastically. "In 1987, 12 percent of public school teachers in the United States were minorities. Nearly 30 years later, that figure has increased to only 17 percent, according to a 2015 report by the Albert Shanker Institute. And, currently, no more than 2 percent of all public school teachers in the United States are black and male. Even fewer stick around long enough to transition to leadership roles at the district level or beyond; in fact, the annual rate of minority-teacher turnover has increased by 28 percent over the last two decades. Only 8 percent of the nation's experienced public school principals (those with more than 10 years in their role) are men of color, and the pipeline to administration is little more than a trickle. In Washington, the number of principals who are men of color is slightly higher, at 18 percent." www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2016/09/21/obamas-legacy-for-male-principals-of-color.html"research shows that they succeed at a greater rate. Black male students with same-race teachers between third and fifth grade are 39 percent less likely to drop out of high school." educationpost.org/these-guys-arent-just-talking-about-it-theyre-recruiting-and-keeping-male-educators-of-color-in-the-classroom/"Racial disparities in school discipline are growing, federal data show" www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/racial-disparities-in-school-discipline-are-growing-federal-data-shows/2018/04/24/67b5d2b8-47e4-11e8-827e-190efaf1f1ee_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ad367f8c7007"Study: Fewer black civilians are killed by police in cities with more black officers" "After controlling for those factors, the researchers found that in cities where the population was closely divided between races, killings of black civilians were less common when the racial composition of the police force reflected the population as a whole." www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/05/25/study-fewer-black-civilians-are-killed-by-police-in-cities-with-more-black-officers/?utm_term=.f1370cf6d8b0my point eliminate the racist and you eliminate the racism coming from the "institution" and its racist outcomes. Racism is not an institution problem, it is a people problem.
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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Jan 26, 2019 23:56:57 GMT -5
Despite reminders, disrespect bred more rap posts and not a single • person in the Liberation Struggle • a political scientist or polisci student • publication by NAACP SPLC or the like not even by those racists benefitting from the denial
This isn't a debate. Honor my thread intentions and bring direct supporting documentation. Even Ben Stein and Fox News recognize the existence of institutional racism. They admit the reality of it by saying it died.
Anybody ever went to school and took freshman level • sociology • political science • black/urban studies has read about it or had to write a report on it.
Introduced by Trinidad born Black Panther Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Toure) and political scientist Charles V Hamilton at the height of the liberation struggle in 1967. Educated writers from every continent except Antarctica acknowledge it. There's no debate. I can only find racists and the extreme right saying there's no such thing. Systemic racism is the more modern term for this concept taught in Universities worldwide. Imagine institutes teaching fiction as political science and sociology.
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Post by kel on Jan 27, 2019 11:51:58 GMT -5
"Even Ben Stein and Fox News recognize the existence of institutional racism"
Of course racists like Stein and Fox News want to recognize the existence of "institutional racism"................it distracts everyone from the TRUTH.
Racism is in the Racist in the institution !! not any damn institution.
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