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Post by anansi on Apr 16, 2024 16:48:27 GMT -5
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Post by anansi on Feb 24, 2024 22:02:48 GMT -5
Glad you did, Im mostly over at Quora nowadays.
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Post by anansi on Feb 24, 2024 21:59:20 GMT -5
Yeah he certainly did, and well presented I might add.
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Post by anansi on Feb 18, 2024 23:56:40 GMT -5
This has got to be the most comprehensive vid I've seen dealing with various stages of the African from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic, this is hard to beat and well put together, Pls share.
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Post by anansi on Nov 12, 2023 20:24:35 GMT -5
Sources: Predynastic egyptian stature and physical proportions by G. Robins & C. C. D. Shute : link.springer.com/article/10.... The physical proportions and living stature of New Kingdom pharaohs by G. Robins, C. Shute: www.semanticscholar.org/paper... Determination of optimal rehydration, fixation and staining methods for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of mummified soft tissues A-M Mekota , M Vermehren : pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15804... Anthropological and palaeopathological analysis of the human remains from three "Tombs of the Nobles" of the necropolis of Thebes-West, Upper Egypt by A Nerlich , A Zink, H G Hagedorn, U Szeimies, C Weyss : pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11190... Le peuplement de la vallée du Nil by Eric Crubézy: www.persee.fr/doc/arnil_1161-... Concordance of Cranial and Dental Morphological Traits and Evidence for Endogamy in Ancient Egypt - Tracy Prowse and Nancy Lovell : www.academia.edu/559153/Conco... Population continuity or population change: Formation of the ancient Egyptian state by Sonia Zakrzewski: www.academia.edu/1400135/Popu... Cultural entanglement at the dawn of the Egyptian history: a view from the Nile First Cataract region”, Origini: Prehistory and Protohistory of Ancient Civilizations - Maria Carmela Gatto: www.academia.edu/19519311/_Cu...
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Post by anansi on Nov 12, 2023 20:15:22 GMT -5
Sources: Predynastic egyptian stature and physical proportions by G. Robins & C. C. D. Shute : link.springer.com/article/10.... The physical proportions and living stature of New Kingdom pharaohs by G. Robins, C. Shute: www.semanticscholar.org/paper... Determination of optimal rehydration, fixation and staining methods for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of mummified soft tissues A-M Mekota , M Vermehren : pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15804... Anthropological and palaeopathological analysis of the human remains from three "Tombs of the Nobles" of the necropolis of Thebes-West, Upper Egypt by A Nerlich , A Zink, H G Hagedorn, U Szeimies, C Weyss : pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11190... Le peuplement de la vallée du Nil by Eric Crubézy: www.persee.fr/doc/arnil_1161-... Concordance of Cranial and Dental Morphological Traits and Evidence for Endogamy in Ancient Egypt - Tracy Prowse and Nancy Lovell : www.academia.edu/559153/Conco... Population continuity or population change: Formation of the ancient Egyptian state by Sonia Zakrzewski: www.academia.edu/1400135/Popu... Cultural entanglement at the dawn of the Egyptian history: a view from the Nile First Cataract region”, Origini: Prehistory and Protohistory of Ancient Civilizations - Maria Carmela Gatto: www.academia.edu/19519311/_Cu...
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Post by anansi on Nov 10, 2023 6:15:14 GMT -5
The baths and toilets of Gedi (Inset),shanga and cities of medieval swahili (1000-1500AD) -Kenya, Tz A common feature of a swahili house, the bath and toilet were built in coral stone, with a raised platform and niches for water pots for the bath and a square platform with niches built over a cesspit 4-8m deep and an adjacent washbasin for cleaning Found at Shanga (virtually all 54 houses Horton excavated),kilwa, kisimani mafia, takwa etc Read under the Chapter: "swahili houses" by Thomas Gensheimer in "The swahili world" by Stephanie wynne-jonnes Read starting with Pg 58 of Shanga: The Archaeology of a Muslim Trading Community on the Coast of East Africa Mark Chatwin Horton, Helen W. Brown, Nina Mudida Makuria, alodia christian nubia toilets and baths (550-1350AD) Often located on top floor with paved, heated floors, decorated walls supplied with hot piped water fired clay seats with drain basin for flush water discharging Inset: ghazali & kulbnarti toilets & sewerage system through ceramic pipe into a vaulted cesspit belowground The house's toilets were lined up on either side away from main streets Common in kulbnarti (inset) dongola (capital of Makuria), meinarti, soba (capital of aodia) monasteries like ghazali both for elites and commoners See pg 171 of The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia: Pagans, Christians and Muslims Along the Middle Nile Derek A. Welsby Toilets of Kumasi and asante empire cities (18th-19th century) Often found on top floor (elites) and outdoor (commoners) They were separate rooms built with fired clay and wood, flushed with boiling water; discharging sewage Toilet room's windows ( top right corner of house) Sewage through a pipe at the back of the house into a deep pit underground The above house is Thomas Bowditch's illustration The two windows on the top right are for the toilet room, he was in kumasi in the early 19th cent. Here's a snippet of his description of kumasi toilets See pg 306 in Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee: With a Statistical Account of that Kingdom, and Geographical Notices of Other Parts of the Interior of Africa By Thomas Edward Bowdich Gao (9th-12th centh) Bathrooms were built inside several houses excavated at the Old city They were beautifully plastered, and had a drainage pipe connected to an outdoor pit (Similar design to jenne, kumbi saleh, etc of which I don't hv pictures yet but will describe) Read under: Discovery of the earliest royal palace in Gao and its implications for the history of West Africa Shoichiro Takezawa et Mamadou Cisse Jenne-jenno (250BC-1400AD) Found in several of the houses the bath and/or latrine were found on the ground floor and through 3m long drainage/sewage channels were connected to 4.5m deep pits Dated to phase vi (900-1400ad) associated with the resurgence of Ghana and rise of Mali Taken from: Excavations at Jenne-Jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali): the 1981 Season McIntosh, Susan Keech Toilets of Kumbi saleh, tegdaust and the cities of the Ghana empire (8th-13th cent) The latrines were located on the lower floors built with drystone with paved floors and small rectangular holes in slab built over deep cesspools (translation of bethier's excavations at kumbi) Taken from; Recherches Archéologiques Sur la Capitale de L'empire de Ghana: Étude D'un Secteur D'habitat À Koumbi Saleh, Mauritanie : Campagnes II-III-IV-V, (1975-1976)-(1980-1981) Sophie Berthier twunroll.com/article/1329363436225114112
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Post by anansi on Nov 10, 2023 5:37:42 GMT -5
Pls visit the link, a great piece on African movements in the Indian ocean circa 1500, keep in mind the story of African involvement in international trade and travels were thousands of years before then , this article focus on the beginning of the modern age, also to take into consideration is the Black men on Portuguese vessels were not all enslaved persons, life was much more complex and fluid. The African diaspora in Portuguese India: 1500-1800. The Indian sub-continent has historically been home to one of Africa's best documented diasporic communities in Asia. For many centuries, Africans from different parts of eastern Africa travelled to and settled in the various kingdoms and communities across India. Some rose to prominent positions, becoming rulers and administrators, while others were generals, soldiers and royal attendants. The arrival of the Portuguese in the Indian ocean world in 1498 was a major turning point in the history of the African diaspora in India. Political and commercial alliances were re-oriented, initiating a dynamic period of cultural exchanges, trade and travel by Africans. Sailors and merchants from the Swahili coast, royals from the Mutapa kingdom, and crewmen from Ethiopia established communities across the various cities of the western Indian coast who joined the pre-existing African diaspora on the subcontinent. This article explores the history of the African diaspora in Portuguese India from the 16th to the 18th century, focusing on Africans who travelled to India out of their own volition, and eventually resided there permanently. Map showing the cities and kingdoms of the western Indian Ocean mentioned below.ruins of Old town, Malindi. Swahili voyages to Portuguese India: trading expeditions of Sultans and Merchants. Prior to the Portuguese arrival, Swahili traders had been carrying goods on locally-built mtepe ships and on foreign ships to the coasts of Arabia, India and south-east Asia as far as the city of Malacca This trade continued after the Portuguese ascendancy but was re-oriented. The Malindi sultan thus pressed his advantage, as early as 1517, by sending a letter to his suzerain, the king of Portugal, requesting a letter of protection to allow him free travel in his own ship throughout the Portuguese possessions from al-Hind (India) to Sofala (Mozambique). This was the first of several requests of safe passage made on behalf of Swahili sailors who were active in Portuguese India. There are similar letters from the late 16th century of a Malindi sultan, king Muhammad, sending a ship to the Portuguese settlement of Bassein (India) in 1586, as well as to Goa during the same year to warn the Portuguese about the Ottoman incursion of Abi Bey who had allied with some Swahili towns led by Mombasa and Pate. And around the year 1596, the same Malindi sultan wrote to Philip II of Spain, asking that his ships should sail freely throughout the Iberian possessions in India without paying taxes, He also asked for the free passage for a Malindi trading mission to China (likely, to Macau), to improve his finances. These requests were granted, the latter in particular may have been a consequence of the decline in Malindi's trade during the late 16th century and the eventual shift of the Portuguese administration of east Africa to Mombasa in 1593. Such requests of safe passage and duty free trade also taken up by private merchants who sailed on their own ships to India. For example the Mozambique-island resident named Sharif Muhammad Al-Alawi, who passed on the 1517 Malindi letter to the Portuguese, also requested a letter of safe passage for his own ship. Several later accounts mention East African merchants sailing regulary to India. An account from 1615 mentions a Mogadishu born Mwalimu Ibrahim who is described as an expert in navigation from “Mogadishu to the Gulf of Cambay”, his brother was involved in Portuguese naval wars off the coast of Daman. While another 1619 account mentions itinerant traders from the Malindi coast visiting Goa regulary, including a trader from Pate named Muhammad Mshuti Mapengo who was “well-known in Goa, where he often goes.” Letters by the Malindi sultan and the Mozambique merchant Muhammad Al-Alawi, adressed to the Portuguese king Manuel, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo Swahili voyages to Portuguese India: Envoys and Political alliances. The activities of the Swahili elites in Portuguese India were partly dependent on their city's political relationship with local Portuguese authorities. When the Portuguese captured Mombasa in 1593, a more complex relationship was developed with the Swahili cities both within their direct control such as Mombasa, Pemba and Malindi, and those outside it such as Pate. Regular travel by Swahili elites to India were undertaken in the early 17th century as the nature of Portuguese control was continously re-negotiated. This was especially the case for the few rulers who adopted Catholism and entered matrimonial alliances with the Portuguese such as the brother of the king of Pemba who in the 1590s travelled to Goa but refused the offer to be installed as king of Pemba. A better known example was the sending of the Mombasa Prince Yusuf ibn al-Hasan to Goa in 1614 after a power struggle with the Portuguese governor at Mombasa had ended the assassination of his father. The prince was raised by the ‘Augustinian order’ in Goa where he was baptized as Don Jeronimo Chingulia. While in Goa, he married locally (albeit to a Portuguese woman) and was active in the Portuguese navy, before he was later crowned king of Mombasa in 1626 in preparation for his travel back to his home the same year. He would be the first of many African royals who temporarily or permanently resided in Goa, among whom included his cousin from Malindi named Dom Antonio. Swahili factions allied with the Portuguese often travelled to Goa and some lived there permanently. These include Bwana Dau bin Bwana Shaka of Faza, a fervent supporter of the Portuguese who settled in Goa after 1698 and kept close ties with the administration. In 1724, Mwinyi Ahmed Hasani Kipai, an ambitious character from Pate, took a ship in Barawa to meet the Portuguese in Surat and later on in Goa. In 1606, two Franciscan friars met a mwalimu (ship pilot) from Pemba whom they described as a Swahili "old Muslim negro", that in 1597 had guided the ship of Francisco da Gama, the future viceroy of India, from Mombasa to Goa. Others included emissaries who travelled to Goa on behalf of their sultans, such include the Mombasa envoys Mwinyi Zago and Faki Ali wa Mwinyi Matano, that reached Goa in 1661 and 1694 respectively. Yohannes' travels to Europe and India. Map by Matteo Salvadore
Right Street in the City of Goa, Portuguese India, between 1579 and 1592. by Jan Huygen van Linschoten. The painting includes African figures.
Many Christian Ethiopians also reached Portuguese India during the period when the two nations were closely allied against the Ottomans.
Yohannes' travels to Europe and India.
detail of a 17th century Japanese painting, showing an African figure watching a group of Europeans, south-Asians and Africans unloading merchandise.
These sailors and often took their family aboard and comprised the bulk of the crew, such that the Portuguese who owned and/or captained the ship were often the minority. Some these African sailors also held high offices, such as in the India city of Dabhol in 1616, where the captain of a large ship was a Muslim “black native” from “Abyssinia”, and a pilot of a Mughal trading ship docked in Goa’s habour in 1586 was an Abyssinian who chided a Portuguese captain for losing to the Ottoman corsair Ali Bey on the Swahili coast.
www.africanhistoryextra.com/p/the-african-diaspora-in-portuguese?utm_source=post-email-title&publication_id=448231&post_id=138576378&utm_campaign=email-post-title&isFreemail=true&r=1mq3ib&utm_medium=emailGo here for more.
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Post by anansi on Oct 7, 2023 21:29:34 GMT -5
I don't know I haven't logged in for a number of now.
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Post by anansi on Sept 29, 2023 1:28:56 GMT -5
Well hopefully when, you got it all tightened up you could post a link, go Cornel West for next President.
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Post by anansi on Mar 29, 2023 21:49:11 GMT -5
Oh but but according to many twitter Egyptians these people do not exist, so cancel Kevin Hart.
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Post by anansi on Jan 6, 2023 23:57:55 GMT -5
Check this out. Calls grow to cancel Kevin Hart's comedy show in Egypt over 'Afrocentric' viewscoupled that with the recent push to cancel Kevin Hart because he said. Calls grow to cancel Kevin Hart's comedy show in Egypt over 'Afrocentric' views Some Egyptians have taken to Twitter accusing the US comedian of 'Blackwashing' Egyptian history US actor and comedian Kevin Hart and his wife Eniko Parrish arrive for premiere of "Me Time" at the Regency Village Theatre in Los Angeles, California, on 23 August 2022 (AFP) |Calls grow to cancel Kevin Hart's comedy show in Egypt over 'Afrocentric' views Some Egyptians have taken to Twitter accusing the US comedian of 'Blackwashing' Egyptian history US actor and comedian Kevin Hart and his wife Eniko Parrish arrive for premiere of "Me Time" at the Regency Village Theatre in Los Angeles, California, on 23 August 2022 (AFP) By MEE staff Published date: 16 December 2022 20:51 UTC A hashtag calling for Hart’s show to be cancelled or boycotted has become one of the top trending topics on social media in Egypt over the past few days. One Twitter user said Afrocentrists "want to steal and attribute Egypt's civilization to Africans and tell modern Egyptians that we are occupying Egypt from them. We must all participate in the campaign to cancel Kevin's concert." Hart, a popular US comedian, is a proponent of Afrocentrism, which advocates examining history through a lens that focuses on the role of Black Africans. Some followers say modern Egyptians have no claim to the country’s ancient history because they are the descendants of Arab invaders. When we were kings Hart’s critics from across Egypt have noted an interview the comedian gave where they say he claimed Africans were the kings of Egypt. ”We must teach our children the true history of Black Africans when they were kings in Egypt and not just the era of slavery that is cemented by education in America. Do you remember the time when we were kings?” The remark has been slammed on Twitter. One user said: “You aren't welcome to Egypt. Egyptians aren't Africans. We're the real builders of the civilization, no one else." “The Afrocentric is just a lie. They're liars. Egypt is our land not the Africans.”Youssef Othman, a popular Egyptian actor, even took to Twitter this week to explain his understanding of Afrocentrism and refute its position on Egypt. Many Egyptians criticised Hart’s financial backing of an Afrocentric animation series by the company Black Sands Entertainment, which some have accused of "Blackwashing" ancient Egyptian history. www.middleeasteye.net/news/calls-grow-cancel-kevin-harts-comedy-show-egypt-over-afrocentric-views
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Post by anansi on Nov 25, 2022 5:03:28 GMT -5
TWO SKULLS FROM THE WEST I NDIES. 1. 2. MALE NEGRO FROM BARBADOS, BRITISH WEST INDIES (U.S.N.^. 378246) 3. 4. UNDEFORMED MALE INDIAN FROM CUBA (U.S.".M. 363). Both skulls are oriented in Frankfort position and reduced to about one-third natur(ll size.) I knew of the Virgin Island’s skeletal remains for years, and had posted it here on Quora, but this entirely new to me , credit goes to the KushRoyalty youtube vid uploader for mentioning this. Question are the skulls still intact and is it possible to draw genetic material from them, also need proper dates although it said Pre-Columbian, when exactly is not known. ORIGINAL ARTICLES. Physical Anthropology. With Plate D. Stewart. NEGRO SKELETAL REMAINS FROM INDIAN SITES IN THE WEST INDIES. By T. D. Stewart, Division of Physical Anthropology, United States national Museum, Washington D.C. 5; 2q The recent paper in this journal by Buxton, Trevor and Julien (MAN, 1938, 47) implies that an undeformed Negroid physical type inhabited the Virgin Islands in pre-Columbian times. Not only is this implication contrary to previously accepted findings for the Antillean area (as will be shown later), but it also fails to give adequate consideration to the possibility of these skeletal remains representing intrusive Negro burials. The mere presence of skeletons in a sand or shell mound of Indian origin, lacking careful stratigraphic records, is not certain evidence of primary association with the accompanying artifacts. Moreover, I venture to say that few physical anthropologists familiar with American Indian skulls would mistake for Indians those illustrated by Buxton, Trevor and Julien; indeed, most physical anthropologists would probably be less conservative and say "Negro " instead of " Negroid." In support of the opinion that these authors are describing Negroes 1 wish to present a similar case from Barbados, British West Indies. From correspondence with Mr. E. M. Shilstone, of Bridgetown, Barbados, it appears that in August, 1933, he commenced to excavate a sandy ridge about 50 yards from high-water mark on the shore of Chancery Lane on the southern coast of the Island. This ridge proved to be a kitchen midden containing many objects of Arawak workmanship. Among other things encountered in this site was a skeleton, lying on its left side at about 20 inches under the surface. Mr. Shilstone believed this skeleton to be that of an Arawak Indian, and, in 1937, presented it as such to the U.S. National 'Museum. Upon reconstructing the skull from the many fragments in which it was received in Washington, I felt justified in calling it a Negro, for reasons that will appear from the following description. Two views of the Barbados skull are shown in Plate D.J.2. Comparison with the two skulls shown in the paper by Buxton, Trevor and Julien (MAN, 1938, Plate D) indicates that the individual and sex differences are no more than would be expected of the range of variation in a single race. Certainly, however, such Negroid features as alveolar prognathism, broad nose, and low orbits are more pronounced in the case of the Virgin Island skulls. www.latinamericanstudies.org/ancient/Stewart-1939.pdfPls visit this link for much much more, including photos of said skulls.
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Post by anansi on Nov 5, 2022 9:35:29 GMT -5
Egypt in It’s African Context: Some Notes about an Early African Pool of Cultures from which Emerged the Egyptian CivilisationAlain AnselinUniversité des Antilles-Guyane Abstract Using primarily linguistic evidence, and taking intoaccount recent archaeology at sites such as Hierakonpolis/Nekhen, as well as the symbolic meaning of objects such as sceptres and headrests in AncientEgyptian and contemporary African cultures, this paper traces the geographical location. a network of sites of ancient African cultures which could provide cultural patterns, ideological features and theframework for the political organisation of the first kingships of Upper Egypt (Friedman 2002a). In this respect, Egypt and Nubia were also ‘gifts of the deser In those days, we thought that Egypt was only a gift of the Nile… In 1974, with the intention of publishing the very first Histoire Genérale de l’Afrique (‘General History of Africa’), UNESCO gathered scholars from Africa (Egypt,Sudan, Senegal and Congo), America and Europe in Cairo to participate in the first colloquium linkingAncient Egypt with its continent, Africa. In spite of the high academic quality of the participants, and the critical examination of the iconographic, anthropological and haematological data, the colloquium did not reveal all theanticipated conclusions about the population of AncientEgypt. What was the culprit? Genetic studies, which didn’t come to fruition until after the 1980s. In addition,in those days it was thought that Egypt was simply a giftof the Nile. For what reason? Until the 1980s, there was alack of archaeological excavation in Egypt’s Western Desert. Today, the historical genetics of the Nile Valley,which is at one and the same time the ‘crossroad and refugium’, and the ‘Saharan affinities’ of the Predynastic Egyptians, have begun to be clearly identified (Keita andBoyce 2005).Since the 1980s, and the renewal of the excavations at Kom el-Ahmar (ancient Nekhen/Hierakonpolis) by ateam directed by Michael Hoffman, archaeologists,notably the team . EGYPT IN ITS AFRICAN CONTEXT After 7000 BC, Holocene human settlement expanded allover the Eastern Sahara and Sudan ‘fostering thedevelopment of cattle pastoralism’; then, ‘retreatingmonsoonal rains caused the desertification of the Egyptian Sahara at 5300BC’ (Sadig 2009, 93). During two millennia, the Saharan populations were forced tomigrate to ecological refuges such as the desert oases andthe ‘linear oasis’ of the Nile Valley, and to the south,from the desert’s western edge in the Chad region and its eastern frontier at the Somalian horn (see Figures 1 and2). ‘The full desert conditions all over Egypt ca.3500[BC] coincided with the first stages of pharaonic civilization in the Nile Valley’ (Sadig 2009, 93).Therefore, the Ancient Egyptians were also the childrenof the desert. Figure 4. Pottery from the Elephant's tomb, Nekhen Hk24(Naqada I): imported Maadi jar, C -ware bowl and Black-topped beaker (after Friedman 2003b, 16); Nubian jarfrom Hk43 (Naqada IIA) (after Gatto 2003, 15b) Book: Egypt in its African Context Book: Egypt in its African Context www.academia.edu/1921955/Book_Egypt_in_its_African_Context☝🏾👀Pls go here for a lot more, good read people.
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Post by anansi on Oct 22, 2022 6:31:09 GMT -5
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