Other Africans . . . .

[djoser-xyyman]

India and Southeast Asia

See also Indo-African In India exists the Great Andamanese people who are considered tribals as their ancestors are among the first groups to inhabit Indian region. The Great Andamanese are 1 of 5 black ethnic groups native to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The other four are the Jangil, Jarawa, Onge and Sentinelese. In South there are also several communities of Black African descent, such as the Sheedis/Siddis, or specifically the Siddis of Karnataka, who descend from East African slaves sold as far away as China. Other ethnic groups in India with dark skin and/or broad facial feature which could arguable be considered as Black are the Bonda, Gondi, Bhil, Dongria Kondha[82]. There are also the Vedda people of Sri Lanka.

[djoser-xyyman]

Melanesia

An ethnic Ati woman of the Philippines.

An Indigenous Fijian man

A young Melanesian Vanuatu Pacific Islander boy.[83]

There are several groups of dark-skinned people who live in various parts of Asia, Australia and Oceania who sometimes are referred to as black people. They include the Indigenous Australians, the Melanesians (now divided into Austronesian-speaking populations and Papuans, and including the great genetic diversity of New Guinea), the Semang people of the Malay peninsula, the Aeta people of Luzon, the Ati of Panay.[84] indigenous first nation Fijians and various indigenous peoples sometimes collectively known as Negritos.

By their external physical appearance (phenotype) such people resemble Black Africans with dark skin and sometimes tightly coiled hair. There have been suggestions of a Black African origin. However, in the case of the Andamanese people, a study conducted by the NCBI indicated that the Andamanese people possessed closer affinities with the Southeast Asian population than with the Black African population.[85]

[djoser-xyyman]

Wayne State University Press


The Great Andamanese are a primitive Negrito tribe of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, with a total population of 37. We studied 29 individuals from eight families from this population for abnormal hemoglobins, G6PD deficiency, DNA haplotypes, and apolipoprotein B (APOB, gene) polymorphism. Hb E was detected in five individuals, the prevalence of Hb E heterozygotes being 14.3%. One individual had b-thalassemia trait. One female was G6PD deficient and showed the G6PD Orissa mutation. Haplotype analysis of the b-globin gene cluster showed that the bE chromosomes were linked to two haplotypes (- - - - - + + and + + - + + + +) representing the framework 1 gene, whereas the bA chromosomes showed eight different haplotypic patterns corresponding to framework 1 and 3 genes. APOB polymorphism analysis showed that the 631-base-pair (bp) allele was the predominant one with a high homozygosity rate, which could be due to the higher rate of inbreeding in this isolated group. The presence of Hb E and our findings on haplotype analysis supports the hypothesis that the Great Andamanese are reasonably believed to be the surviving representatives of the Negrito race that once flourished in the entire Southeast Asian region in ancient times.

[djoser-xyyman]

Unique origin of Andaman Islanders: insight from autosomal loci

K. Thangaraj1, G. Chaubey1, 2, A. G. Reddy1, V. K. Singh1 and L. Singh1 (1) Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
(2) Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia


Received: 9 April 2006 Accepted: 1 June 2006 Published online: 19 August 2006


Abstract Our mtDNA and Y chromosome studies lead to the conclusion that the Andamanese “Negrito” mtDNA lineages have survived in the Andaman Islands in complete genetic isolation from other South and Southeast Asian populations since the initial settlement of the region by the out-of-Africa migration. In order to obtain a robust reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the Andamanese, we carried out a study on the three aboriginal populations, namely, the Great Andamanese, Onge and Nicobarese, using autosomal microsatellite markers. The range of alleles (7–31.2) observed in the studied population and heterozygosity values (0.392–0.857) indicate that the selected STR markers are highly polymorphic in all the three populations, and genetic variability within the populations is significantly high, with a mean gene diversity of 77%. The Andaman “Negrito” populations do not show particular affinities either with the African populations or with the Indian populations, confirming their unique origin. In contrast, Nicobarese show close affinities with the Southeast Asian populations, suggesting their recent entry in the Islands.

[djoser-xyyman]

The archipelago nestled in the Indian Ocean might have got its population just 10,000 years back

Biplab Das

A tribeswoman in the Andaman and Nicobar © Subhra Priyadarshini
islands© Subhra Priyadarshini

Tenacious gene hunters armed with better techniques to read genes have challenged prevailing theories on the colonization of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. They say Negrito tribes from Africa might have wandered in to populate these mystery-shrouded islands 24,000 and 10,000 years ago.1 Previous scientific evidence suggests that the colonization of the islands happened about 45,000-50,000 years back, a theory the new research does not completely reject

The new finding implies that the origin of the Andaman tribes could be far more recent than thus far described. It also suggests that the islands might have been populated in a not so distant past. However, this is a competing theory and does not overthrow the earlier theories on colonization of the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

Trying to understand the earliest genomic footprints in the subcontinent, a joint team of Indian, Estonian and Spanish researchers studied mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) samples from teeth preserved at the Natural History Museum of London as also from 10 Jarawa tribesmen in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. The mtDNA, passed from mother to child, preserves ancient signature of genes that help scientists figure out when and how modern humans fanned out across the globe. The rate at which new variations in mtDNA occur helps decipher the past of our species.

The team significantly found two subgroups of the mitochondrial DNA variety M31. These were the Andaman-specific M31a1 and India-specific M31a2. The M31 and M32 varieties have earlier been described as Andaman-specific by researchers at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology in Hyderabad. Based on the study of the subgroups, the researchers have proposed several models of recent colonization of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. The first model, which relies on the genetic study of the Andaman-specific subgroup, suggests that recent peopling could have happened within the last 10,000 years.
But, this model faces a stumbling block. In case of recent colonization, there should be some proof of presence of these two subgroups in the other nearby islands of South-East Asia. But they didn't find any on these in neighbouring Malaysia, Thailand or the Yunnan province of China.

However they found the subgroup M31 having deep roots in mainland Indian tribes such as Chenchu, Lambodi, Pauri Bhuiya, Munda and Lodha. The presence of M31 subgroups (M31b and M31a2) in mainland India raises the possibility of Andaman islanders migrating back to India via Myanmar and from Myanmar to Andaman Islands. Myanmar still holds promise because there have been no significant mtDNA studies in that country till now.

"Whether M31a2 evolved in India or Myanmar, the migration of people to Andaman islands occurred tentatively around 24,000 years ago," says Vadlamudi Raghavendra Rao, who led the research. The finding will give insights into the tribes' adaptive traits which have implications in health and disease and their variation across human populations.

Rao says the main concern is missing data from Myanmar, which the team believes, is crucial in terms of South or South-East Asia as the source population that peopled the Andaman and Nicobar islands.

[djoser-xyyman]

library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01828/images/andamanpic1.gif

[djoser-xyyman]

Apr 18, 2010 15:01:15 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

library.thinkquest.org/07aug/01828/images/andamanpic1.gif

Attachments:

[anansi]

Ok!! Xyyman what makes these people Africans?..is it their phenotype?...those people are the seed population for everyone else
they were the originals..others descended from them that would make everyone Africans no matter the phenotype, them being in a location for upwards of 40.000yrs or more make them non-Africans they don't speak an African language,are the least related to any Africans by the way of dna do not carry an African base culture..are they blacks...well yes.. Africans no!.. and it tends to obscure the facts of Africans who really are from Africa that migrated to that area for various reasons..Trade,military,slaves,colonial settlements etc.

Andamanese and Siddis Both Blacks one Asian and the other African

Malik Ambar who became king and fought off the Mugals

Jangira their head quarters

[djoser-xyyman]

The idea behind the thread is to discuss so called "negroid/sub-saharan" features found OUSIDE of Africa and show they are NOT recent Africans, genetically.

It is up to reader to form there own oppinion. Are Africans only found in Africa.

[djoser-xyyman]

Which brings up and interesting point.

So the video series you posted about OOA. Looked at the First Europeans and OOA (Asia). Was stunned to know that in China they are taught they evolved from Homo Erectus.

It is really amazing these things are taught in modern times. More fascinating was that they don't consider themselves to be decended from homo sapiens.

In the end (V10?) genetic test finally proved they were decended from Africans.

[djoser-xyyman]

Sri Lanka's indigenous inhabitants, the Veddas -- or Wanniya-laeto ('forest-dwellers') as they call themselves -- preserve a direct line of descent from the island's original Neolithic community dating from at least 16,000 BC and probably far earlier according to current scientific opinion.

Historically, for the past twenty-five centuries or more Sri Lanka's indigenous community has been buffeted by successive waves of immigration and colonization that began with the arrival of the Sinhalese from North India in the 5th century BC. Consequently, the Wanniyalaeto have repeatedly been forced to choose between two alternative survival strategies: either to be assimilated into other cultures or to retreat ever further into a shrinking forest habitat.

However, there is still an important group of people whose human rights have yet to be fully recognised — Sri Lanka's indigenous Wanniya-laeto (People of the Forest), also known as the Veddha. Archaeological evidence suggests their Neolithic ancestors inhabited this island 10,000 years ago or more. By contrast, the first Sinhalese came over from India around the sixth century BC and the first Tamils about the third century BC.

One of the most distinctive features of Vedda religion is the worship of dead ancestors: these are termed nae "yaku" among the Sinhala-speaking Veddas.[

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[djoser-xyyman]

Controversy also surrounds the spread of a third ancient human group in Southeast Asia, the Austronesians. This name also refers to the similar languages spoken by Malayo-Polynesians and Taiwan aborigines, and, due to this linguistic tie, some scholars promulgated the idea that all the Malayo-Polynesian groups originated from Taiwan. This theory has been contested by ethnologists, linguists, geneticists, and archeologists, and recent evidence has shown that Eastern Austronesians are genetically different from the Western Austronesians of Island Southeast Asia and Taiwan. In their paper Paternal Genetic Affinity Between Western Austronesians and Diac Populations, authors Hui Li, Bo Wen, et.al. show a genetic difference between the two groups, with Polynesians having not only experienced genetic drift, but also a greater degree of natural selection. www.oceanography.dal.ca/publications/files/Pelejero_et_al_1999_EPSL.pdf Genetic structure of Western Austronesians, especially in the island nations of Bali and Sumba, suggests that these populations have been present since Palaeolithic times

Read more at Suite101: Early People in Southeast Asia: A Story of Pithecanthropus, Veddoids, and Austronesians seasianhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/early_people_in_southeast_asia#ixzz0lYcrV66k

[anansi]

Your above post is a reminder of this article some years back
news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/10/1012_051012_hobbits.html

New "Hobbit" Human Bones Add to Evidence, Oddity

The newfound humans—formally known as Homo floresiensis—were first discovered in October 2004 on the Indonesian island of Flores. (See "Hobbit-Like Human Ancestor Found in Asia.") Ever since, scientists have debated whether the "hobbits" in fact constitute a new human species.



The recent finds in Liang Bua cave—a jaw and other bones from what are said to be nine individuals—should settle the matter, according to the paleontologists behind the discoveries.

"Now we can say very confidently that the new evidence confirms this as a new, tiny, unique species of human," said Mike Morwood, an archaeologist from the University of New England in Australia who helped make the new discovery. Morwood also co-led the team that found the first known hobbit remains in 2004.

Using the remains at hand, Morwood and his team were able to estimate the height of five of the nine individuals. All five were under 3.25 feet (1 meter) tall, according to the researchers' new report. One apparent five-year-old was less than 20 inches (50 centimeters) tall when he or she died.

The remains cover a broad time period, from about 95,000 to 12,000 years ago.

Controversial Bones

The tiny bones have stirred controversy since they were first revealed and could alter understanding of early human evolution.

If H. floresiensis is in fact a new species, it's one that existed until 12,000 years ago—more recently than extinct early humans are thought to have been around. The period is about the same time that humans were developing agriculture and well after Neanderthals had vanished.

"My take is that this is not a home run yet, because they haven't really figured out what this is," Harvard anthropologist Daniel Lieberman said. "But there's good evidence that supports their hypothesis nicely."

"There's more than one individual, so they can refute the hypothesis that this is just some kind of freak. Also, the data suggest that [the remains are from] a fairly long time span, so that makes it tough to say that this is [due to some sort of disease]," Lieberman said.

Some anthropologists have suggested that the hobbits could be modern-human dwarfs with a condition called microcephaly, a condition of abnormal smallness of the head.

[egyptianplanet]

Dude these people are not related to Africans at all. Genetically they are Asian as Asian can be. Look to more than just skin color, you sound like a 18th century European.

[djoser-xyyman]

Moi??

Dude!!! to be taken seriously . . . atlleast by me.


1st, read the previous posts or cited sources, 2nd, then comment