The Burden of being an African-drugged up fat pigs? - SMH

[djoser-xyyman]

The Burden of being an African-drugged up fat pigs? - SMH

When I read this summary I was at a loss for words. I am not clear as to what is her point. I thought Africans did not have Neanderthal DNA. Then I caught on. Africans is responsible for Europeans being drug addicted fat people. We do not have Neanderthal DNA!!! Right? Of course we do but they are the ones that called it. Really, OOA did not do the nasty with Neanderthal and had babies!! Lol!. It is sub-structure that existed within Africa. Modern Africans are primarily a “new” breed/Neolithics. That were partially isolated deep near the Great Lakes-Malawi area. That is why the Neolithics do NOT carry Neanderthal ancestry(really they do but more fragmented). That is why Malawi-Hora 8100BP did not carry Asian/Japan ancestry . Japanese/Ancestry carry the Neanderthal portion. That is why the Natufians/Basal Eurasian do NOT carry Neanderthal ancestry either. Modern Europeans are a mixture of Old OOA and Neolithic Africans. The “Neanderthal” DNA is diluted in Europeans, Lazaridis et al. Should they count their blessings? Nicotine addiction and Obesity is the least of their problems. Lol!

I think she is saying first OOA did not have drug addiction and Obesity genes but Neanderthal did. The people(Africans) who remained on the continent still held on to those genes. So the OOA was “pure” and those that remained was not. Mating with Neanderthal made them (Eurasians) drug addicts and fat people. …like modern Africans? Lol! Where do these people come from with their ludicrous circular logic? Racism is truly illogical.

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Quote from:
Neanderthals gave ‘lost’ African DNA back to moderns Ann Gibbons

Summary
When Neandertals mated with modern humans, they shared more than an intimate moment and their own DNA. They also gave back thousands of ancient African gene variants that Eurasians had lost when their ancestors swept out of Africa in small bands perhaps 60,000 to 80,000 years ago. Restored to their lineage, the diversity may have been a genetic gift to Eurasian ancestors as they spread around the world and adapted to new environments. Today, however, some of these African variants are a burden: They seem to boost the risk of becoming addicted to nicotine and having wider waistlines.


“They left many beneficial variants behind in Africa,” says evolutionary genomicist Tony Capra of Vanderbilt University in Nashville,

They soon noticed a strange pattern: Stretches of chromosomes inherited from Neandertals also carried ancient alleles, or mutations, found in all the Africans they studied, including
the Yoruba, Esan, and Mende peoples. The researchers found 47,261 of these single-base changes across the genomes of Europeans and 56,497 in Asians, Capra says.

The most parsimonious explanation is that these alleles represent the ancestral human condition, inherited by both Neandertals and
modern humans in Africa from their common ancestor, Capra says.
xyyman comment: Isn’t this what SUBSTRUCTURE IS?


So far, Capra’s team has found three functional variants, which are associated with addiction to nicotine, a wider waistline, and skin pigmentation.
Xyyman comment: hmmm. Skinpigmenetation alleles from Neaderthal or Humans. Capra?
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[kel]

nuts

[isaiah]

The truth is coming out from these researchers slowly. Good analysis Xyyman.

[zarahan]

I am not sold on her claim that Neanderthals "gave back" supposedly
"thousands of ancient African gene variants that Eurasians had lost
when their ancestors swept out of Africa.."

Really? So all this is via the Neanderthals? Another explanation is that
what LOOKS LIKE "Neanderthal mating" with humans is not that at all but
rather echoes of variants already present in a COMMON ANCESTOR to both
Neanderthals and modern humans. Thus the supposed "Neanderthal Black Back"
add ons may not be "Neanderthal" at all, but rather elements echoing a common
ancestor to bot humans and Neanderthals in the distant past. IN other words,
the "nicotine" and obesity elements may not be due to Neanderthals at all
but to that common hominin ancestor.

And it is unknown why Neanderthals would be needed to "restore" so-called
"lost" African DNA elements to Eurasians. The scenario seems a stretch.
Neanderthals don't need to be in the middle of the loop at all. There could
well be other hominids closer to modern humans that are more relevant to the loop.
Other more plausible scenarios are sub-structure n Africa- that is, variations
already in place in Africa, could give the Eurasians said "negative" elements,
via different groups exiting Africa at different times, with different gene
variants already developed or in proto-state within Africa. There need be no
Neanderthal "middleman" at all.


Below are three studies that cast doubt on any significant mating scenarios- namely:

(Ghirotto, et al 2011. No evidence of Neandertal admixture..;

Gokcumen et al 2012. Balancing Selection on a Regulatory Region...;

Eriksson and Manica (2012) Effect of ancient population structure...)




Manica et al 2012 for example says:

"However, spatial population structure is expected to generate genetic patterns similar to those that might be attributed to hybridization."
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And here's the roundup of alternatives:

"Recent comparisons between anatomically modern humans and ancient genomes of other hominins have raised the tantalizing, and hotly debated, possibility of hybridization. Although several tests of hybridization have been devised, they all rely on the degree to which different modern populations share genetic polymorphisms with the ancient genomes of other hominins. However, spatial population structure is expected to generate genetic patterns similar to those that might be attributed to hybridization.
To investigate this problem, we take Neanderthals as a case study, and build a spatially explicit model of the shared history of anatomically modern humans and this hominin. We show that the excess polymorphism shared between Eurasians and Neanderthals is compatible with scenarios in which no hybridization occurred, and is strongly linked to the strength of population structure in ancient populations. Thus, we recommend caution in inferring admixture from geographic patterns of shared polymorphisms, and argue that future attempts to investigate ancient hybridization between humans and other hominins should explicitly account for population structure."

--Anders Eriksson, Andrea Manica (2012) Effect of ancient population structure on the degree of polymorphism shared between modern human populations and ancient hominins. PNAS 201

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Here's scientist Gokcumen:

"Africans have higher overall pairwise differences with the Neandertal haplotype than Eurasians do for this NE1 locus (p<10-15). Moreover, the nucleotide diversity at this locus is higher in Eurasians than in Africans. These results mimic signatures of recent Neandertal admixture contributing to this locus. However, an in-depth assessment of the variation in this region across multiple populations reveals that African NE1 haplotypes, albeit rare, harbor more sequence variation than NE1 haplotypes found in Europeans, indicating an ancient African origin of this haplogroup and refuting recent Neandertal admixture."


-- Gokcumen et al 2012. Balancing Selection on a Regulatory Region Exhibiting Ancient Variation That Predates Human–Neandertal Divergence. PLoS Genet 9(4):
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Here's Ghirotto's study:

"Neandertals, the archaic human form documented in Eurasia until 29,000 years ago, share no mitochondrial haplotype with modern Europeans. Whether this means that the two groups were reproductively isolated is controversial, and indeed nuclear data have been interpreted as suggesting that they admixed. We explored the range of demographic parameters that may have generated the observed mitochondrial diversity, simulating 3.0 million genealogies under six models differing as for the relationships among contemporary Europeans, Neandertals, and Upper Palaeolithic European early modern humans (EEMH), who coexisted with Neandertals for millennia. We compared by Approximate Bayesian Computations the simulation results with mitochondrial diversity in 7 Neandertals, 3 EEMH, and 150 opportunely chosen modern Europeans. A model of genealogical continuity between EEMH and contemporary Europeans, with no Neandertal contribution, received overwhelming support from the analyses."

--Ghirotto, et al 2011. No evidence of Neandertal admixture in the mitochondrial genomes of early European modern humans and contemporary Europeans. AJPA 146:2, 242-252


Other data casts doubt on attempts to make Neanderthals just another subset of humans
rather than a separate species- Marquez et al 2014.

SUNY Downstate Medical Center. "Were Neanderthals a sub-species of modern humans? New research says no." ScienceDaily. 18 November 2014.

Journal Reference:

Márquez, et al. he Nasal Complex of Neanderthals: An Entry Portal to their
Place in Human Ancestry. The Anatomical Record, 2014; 297 (11): 2121
====================================================================


Now I have no problem with the possibility that over tens of
thousand of years, over tens of thousands of square miles of
ancient European territory, that something MAY have happened,
perhaps some mating somewhere, that caused an introgression of
Neanderthal genes into modern humans. Sure. Ancient hominids, some
like NEnderthals, given tens of thousands of years MIGHT have got
it on. But was such SIGNIFICANT outside Europe, given other alternative
scenarios that are just as plausible to explain certain patterns-namely
that the "Neanderthal" patterning is rather echoes of DNA from an ancestor
common to both modern humans and Neanderthals.

Sounds like Gibbons and others are desperately trying to push the "Neanderthal mates"
theme, and are using these variants to pull Africans into their schema, because as
the meme stands now, it looks as if Europeans/Eurasians are the primary recipients
of Neanderthal "goodness." By working Africans into the meme, this Neanderthal
"sperm pop" can be spun as something useful to "Eurasians." The agenda seems to be
to make Neanderthals seem more "relevant."




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Neanderthals gave ‘lost’ African DNA back to moderns Ann Gibbons

Summary
When Neandertals mated with modern humans, they shared more than an intimate moment and their own DNA. They also gave back thousands of ancient African gene variants that Eurasians had lost when their ancestors swept out of Africa in small bands perhaps 60,000 to 80,000 years ago. Restored to their lineage, the diversity may have been a genetic gift to Eurasian ancestors as they spread around the world and adapted to new environments. Today, however, some of these African variants are a burden: They seem to boost the risk of becoming addicted to nicotine and having wider waistlines.

[forty2tribes]

I thought I was alone. I read that article 3 times and still come back to it now and then. That is when I realized that there was lie agreed upon.

[zarahan]

""thousands of ancient African gene variants that Eurasians had lost
when their ancestors swept out of Africa.."

Why would "Eurasians" "sweep" out of Africa? Like if its Charleston HEston in
the "Ten Commandments" with the Hebrews "sweeping" out of Egypt.


^^"Eurasians" exiting Africa..

Its like another book I read where they talk about ancient hominids "escaping" Africa?
Why would they be "escaping"? To various frozen wastes of "Eurasia"?

[forty2tribes]

Lol good point
They wanted to clean up any remaining African genes they may have left on the ground.

[Ish Gebor]

The irony is the the Crescent was always a horrible place for Hebrews.

Herodotus called Susa "the city of Memnon," Herodotus describes two tall statues with Egyptian and Ethiopian dress that some, he says, identify as Memnon; he disagrees, having previously stated that he believes it to be Sesostris.

~Kevin Burrell, (p.164)
Cushites in the Hebrew Bible: Negotiating Ethnic Identity in the Past and Present (2020).

In discussing the royal road from Sardis to Susa, Herodotus also referred to ‘the king’s abode called Memnonian’ and said of Susa, ‘that is the city called Memnonian.’16 The association between Cissia, Tithonus and Memnon was also explicit in Strabo who wrote, ‘Susis also is almost a part of Persis. It lies between Persis and Babylonia, and has a very considerable city, Susa....It is said to have been founded by Tithonus, the father of Memnon. Its compass was 120 stadia. Its shape was oblong. The Acropolis was called Memnonium. The Susians have the name also of Cissii.’17

Writing of a fragment believed to originate in Aeschylus’ Memnon, West noted, ‘The speaker, prob- ably Priam himself, is interrogating the newcomer and has learned that he is a native of Ethiopia; he finds no fault with that, but awaits further clarification.

~D.T. Potts, New York University
Between Myth and History: Susa and Memnon through the ages
2017, Vol. 1, No. 4

There is some evidence leading to the belief that a protonegroid population once extended westward from India along the shores of the Persian Gulf. Indi­viduals of that group seem to be portrayed on seventh 38 40 So far as it is possible to determine, in ancient times there were longheaded races in Iran preceding the Nordic peoples. The basis for this belief is found in the appearance, in Mesopotamia, of a brown Eur-african type of man. Our present evidence concerning him is indeed scanty, but seems to suggest a remote 41 38 Cf. the upper register of the Ashurbanipal relief in E. Pottier, Les Antiquites assyriennes (du Mus6e du Louvre) (Paris, 1917), PI. 23; for details cf. Victor Place, Ninive et V Assyrie, Vol. Ill (Paris, 1867), PI. 59, No. 1. Or seeH. R. Hall, Babylonianand Assyrian Sculpture in the British Museum (Paris and Brussels, 1928), PI. XLIV . Finally, cf. the Achae- menian reliefs from Susa in M. Dieulafoy, Uacropole de Suse (Paris, 1893), Pis. V and VI.
Herodotus vii. 70;Strabo xv, 1,13, and 24.

*° Dieulafoy, Uacropole de Suse, p. 28. 41 Buxton in L. H. Dudley Buxton and D. Talbot Rice, "Report on the Human Remains Found at Kish," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, LXI (1931), 57-119, esp. pp. 84 ff. century B .C . reliefs of an Assyrian king. thors speak of "Ethiopians" in the southeast of the land;39 their modern descendants possess copper skins, straight hair, and round skulls.
ever, safe to say that these peoples never constituted an important or a large element in the population.

~George G. Cameron, The History of Early Iran

So shall the king of Assyria lead the captivity of Egypt and the exile of Cush, youths and old men, naked and barefoot, with bare buttocks, the shame of Egypt.

www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15951/jewish/Chapter-20.htm

The earliest certain link with Egypt is 664 B.C., the date of the Assyrian sack of the Egyptian capital at Thebes. Although it is often possible to locate earlier events quite precisely relative to each other, neither surviving contemporary documents nor scientific dating methods such as carbon 14, dendrochronology, thermoluminescence, and archaeoastronomy are able to provide the required accuracy to fix these events  absolutely in time.[/qoute]

www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/waa.html

The Lachish reliefs are a set of Assyrian palace reliefs narrating the story of the Assyrian victory over the kingdom of Judah during the siege of Lachish in 701 BCE. Carved between 700-681 BCE, as a decoration of the South-West Palace of Sennacherib in Nineveh (in modern Iraq) […]

The events surrounding the conquest of Lachish are recorded in an unparalleled number of sources for the 8th century BCE; in the Hebrew Bible, the Lachish reliefs, Assyrian cuneiform prisms and in the archeological excavations at Lachish.[7] Sennacherib's conquests of Judean cities, without the capital Jerusalem, are mentioned in the Bible, the book of Kings, Book of Chronicles and in the book of Isaiah.

"Later, when Sennacherib king of Assyria and all his forces were laying siege to Lachish, he sent his officers to Jerusalem with this message for Hezekiah king of Judah and for all the people of Judah who were there"-(II Chronicles 32:9)

"Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them." - (Isaiah 36:1-2)

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachish_reliefs

The Ezra and Nehemiah traditions also show Jews who were given significant posts by Persian rulers. Yet Ezra states that the Jews of the province of Yehud are “slaves” in the Persian Empire (Ezra 9:7-9). Some of the hardships suffered by the people are outlined in Neh 5, though whether their lot was different then than it was in other periods is an open question (since crop failure, borrowing, and losing loan collateral were problems experienced throughout history). [...]

In other texts, individuals with Yahwistic names were small holders or lower-rank officials. We also have an archive of texts relating to the house of Murashu, a business and financial establishment of the Persian period that employed Jews as servants or agents. The Jews seem to have been well integrated into society. Apart from Antiochus IV, persecutions of Jewish communities seem to have been local rather than imperial actions, until the Roman Empire became Christianized.

www.bibleodyssey.org/en/people/related-articles/life-under-empire

The Murashu tablets provide a glimpse into what life was like for fifth-century Jewish descendants of the Babylonian Exile and captivity. After the Persian king Cyrus the Great captured Babylon in 539 BCE, he allowed and helped finance the return of Jews to Judea with the Edict of Cyrus in 538. The Murashu tablets are dated to this period after Jews were allowed to return to Judea. The fact that the banking house "Murashu & Sons" conducted business with Jews who decided to remain in Nippur rather than return to Judea suggests that life in Persian-controlled Nippur was at least somewhat tolerable for Jews.[20]

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murashu_family

This decorative frieze of polychrome glazed brick shows an army, the men carrying spears, bows and quivers. Are they the royal guards of Darius I (522–486 BC), whom Herodotus called “the Immortals,” or might they represent an idealized image of the Persian people?

www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/frieze-archers