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Post by kel on Feb 5, 2020 19:25:41 GMT -5
Standard history has the capeverdes as being uninhabited until about 1440s when Portuguese arrive....and then populated by Ports, Jews, and African "slaves".
The evidence suggests either they were already populated by a NAfr population or Nafr were brought there by Portuguese and also brought them to Brazil and New World.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 5, 2020 19:33:59 GMT -5
Yep, either one of these two scenario. Appropriate genetics testing can determine which is correct. Not so much the E1b1b* results but the R1b*. If it is R1b-V88 then I am correct. I am speculating t is R1b-V88, Standard history has the capeverdes as being uninhabited until about 1440s when Portuguese arrive....and then populated by Ports, Jews, and African "slaves". The evidence suggests either they were already populated by a NAfr population or Nafr were brought there by Portuguese and also brought them to Brazil and New World.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 5, 2020 19:50:35 GMT -5
Jews....?? Is the Author stating it is a lie about Jews to STP, No proof exist this really happened. But here is the kicker. The referenced book was written in 2004. GTFOH!!!! 2004!!! quote: "São Tomé islands were probably uninhabited at the time of the Portuguese discovery in 1471. Soon after that, the first settlements took place in 1486, by João de Paiva, who took with him many Jews. One of the most controversial episodes of this colonization is the forced migration of Jewish children in 1492 [1]. The information about this occurrence is scarce and diverges between Jewish and Christian historians. Around 2000 young children and teenagers were taken from their families, forcedly baptized [1] and sent to the archipelago so they could be away from the Jewish faith, grow up with a Christian education and contribute to the population of the new territory, one of the main aims of the Portuguese king Joao III [1]. Several documents confirm that many of these children survived and along with other settlers, mainly of African origin, started the process of miscegenation. Over more than a century several documents attest to the continuous movement of newChristians to São Tomé, which worked as a refuge from the inquisitional prosecutions and also as a strategical location for the flourish intercontinental trade lead manly by New Christians [2]. Despite the documents above mentioned, the information available on the impact or number of Jewish people that really went (and when) to São Tomé is scarce." quote Yes, OK. Not news to me anyway. For heaven's sake look at a map. Cabo Verde is the same level as the Lower Senegal river. Who do we find there of old? Wolof Fula Maurs Of course there's N Afr ancestry there. Another fact, Cabo Verde sugar plantations were N Afr Jew operations. Just like in the Caribbean, Cabo Verde was also a 'seasoning' depot. W Indies sent 'seasoned' Africans on to N Amer, Cabo Verde to the w hemi. Myopia is a shut in view called tunnel vision. Incorporate multi-disciplinary methodology
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 5, 2020 19:57:56 GMT -5
From the study...this will oodly your noodles
quote "Among the European Y chromosomes, none were found to belong to haplogroups J and T previously reported to have high frequencies in Portuguese Jews (>50%) [7]. I"
Another lie by Europeans. No Portuguese Jews entered STP or Cape Verde. All lies by European Historians that we are so eager to believe.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 5, 2020 19:58:34 GMT -5
Genetic science will expose the lies In case you missed it. The author is stating these Jews in STP did NOT originate in Portugal or maybe Europe. They may be "Jews' indigenous to Africa. As I said RETHINK Everything you have read.....in books. Time to think on your feet.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 5, 2020 22:44:28 GMT -5
The genetic landscape of Equatorial Guinea and the origin and migration routes of the Y chromosome haplogroup R-V88. González M1, Gomes V, López-Parra AM, Amorim A, Carracedo A, Sánchez-Diz P, Arroyo-Pardo E, Gusmão L.
Author information
Abstract Human Y chromosomes belonging to the haplogroup R1b1-P25, although very common in Europe, are usually rare in Africa. However, recently published studies have reported high frequencies of this haplogroup in the central-western region of the African continent and proposed that this represents a 'back-to-Africa' migration during prehistoric times. To obtain a deeper insight into the history of these lineages, we characterised the paternal genetic background of a population in Equatorial Guinea, a Central-West African country located near the region in which the highest frequencies of the R1b1 haplogroup in Africa have been found to date. In our sample, the large majority (78.6%) of the sequences belong to subclades in haplogroup E, which are the most frequent in Bantu groups. However, the frequency of the R1b1 haplogroup in our sample (17.0%) was higher than that previously observed for the majority of the African continent. Of these R1b1 samples, nine are defined by the V88 marker, which was recently discovered in Africa. As high microsatellite variance was found inside this haplogroup in Central-West Africa and a decrease in this variance was observed towards Northeast Africa, our findings do not support the previously hypothesised movement of Chadic-speaking people from the North across the Sahara as the explanation for these R1b1 lineages in Central-West Africa. The present findings are also compatible with an origin of the V88-derived allele in the Central-West Africa, and its presence in North Africa may be better explained as the result of a migration from the south during the mid-Holocene.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 5, 2020 22:47:27 GMT -5
"high microsatellite variance was found inside this haplogroup in Central-West Africa and a decrease in this variance was observed towards Northeast Africa"
Funny they did not do it for R1b-M269. But this is what needs to be done for R1b in Brazil, Europe and Africa to determine pre Colombian Cross-Atlantic migration
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Post by kel on Feb 5, 2020 23:17:56 GMT -5
"this is what needs to be done for R1b in Brazil, Europe and Africa to determine pre Colombian Cross-Atlantic migration"
man o man........how exciting.
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Post by anansi on Feb 6, 2020 6:33:40 GMT -5
" high microsatellite variance was found inside this haplogroup in Central-West Africa and a decrease in this variance was observed towards Northeast Africa" Funny they did not do it for R1b-M269. But this is what needs to be done for R1b in Brazil, Europe and Africa to determine pre Colombian Cross-Atlantic migration What if the supposed contacts, arrived in the Americas only a century or two before C C , without any other findings , how could one tell post vs pre Colombian contacts from living Brazilian samples. I'm not trying to be cute, just would like to know.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 6, 2020 22:28:08 GMT -5
R1b all throughout Africa - Angola
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 12, 2020 6:24:34 GMT -5
Here is an interesting article. What they are concluding is that these "Africans" are genetically distinct from continental Africans and Aframs. They are speculating that they were runaway slaves. But this is "speculation" ie a story made-up to explain their presence in the Americas, BUT the FACTS. They are not closely related to West Africans and AFRAMS. With no European and American admixture. Note: Colombia and Brazil is on the EAst Coast facing Africa. Note also pre-historic Pacific Islander ancestry is found in Peru(West coast)
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The First Free Africans in America: HLA Study in San Basilio de Palenque (Colombia)
ABSTRACT Original San Basilio de Palenque population (North Colombia) fled from Spanish traders that carried them as slaves and they founded in nearby Maria mountains a fortified town (Palenque). They started helping new Africans brought as slaves to flee and join them. Most of them spoke a Bantu-Congo language and nowadays they speak the only one extant Bantu-Spanish Creole language. Spanish Crown were forced to issue a decree declaring them free (1691 AD), more than 100 years before than Haiti Republic existed****source???***. HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles were studied and further computer procedures were performed with Arlequin 3.5 software. No Amerindian or Europeans gene flow to this population was found. However, three specific HLA extended haplotypes are found in this population, which may reflect an isolation from other Africans or Afro-Americans also. This may be due to the maintenance of their own African culture, and even their unique Creole language.
They speak a unique language in the World: the only one extant Bantu (Kongo or Kikongo)-Spanish Creole [7]. They showed Negroid phenotypes and typical African culture. Generic HLA class I (-A and -B) was carried out by serological typing and class II (-DRB1 and -DQB1) typing was performed by using PCR-SSOP Luminex technique and ambiguities were resolved by direct DNA sequencing, as referenced in [8].
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 12, 2020 6:40:07 GMT -5
Palenque de San Basilio in Colombia: genetic data support an oral history of a paternal ancestry in Congo Naser Ansari-Pour,1 Yves Moñino,2 Constanza Duque,3 Natalia Gallego,4 Gabriel Bedoya,5 Mark G. Thomas,6 and Neil Bradman7
Abstract The Palenque, a black community in rural Colombia, have an oral history of fugitive African slaves founding a free village near Cartagena in the seventeenth century. Recently, linguists have identified some 200 words in regular use that originate in a Kikongo language, with Yombe, mainly spoken in the Congo region, being the most likely source. The non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA were analysed to establish whether there was greater similarity between present-day members of the Palenque and Yombe than between the Palenque and 42 other African groups (for all individuals, n = 2799) from which forced slaves might have been taken. NRY data are consistent with the linguistic evidence that Yombe is the most likely group from which the original male settlers of Palenque came. Mitochondrial DNA data suggested substantial maternal sub-Saharan African ancestry and a strong founder effect but did not associate Palenque with any particular African group. In addition, based on cultural data including inhabitants' claims of linguistic differences, it has been hypothesized that the two districts of the village (Abajo and Arriba) have different origins, with Arriba founded by men originating in Congo and Abajo by those born in Colombia. Although significant genetic structuring distinguished the two from each other, no supporting evidence for this hypothesis was found.
Keywords: Y chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, African diaspora, Atlantic slave trade, linguistic
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 12, 2020 13:14:29 GMT -5
I am not sure where I am going with this but there is mounting evidence. If these researchers just do the right thing and conduct a open and honest genetic determination then this can be resolved but here is another piece the puzzle These so called runaway slaves carry some genetic material NOT FOUND in mainland Africans. The researchers are also suggesting mainland Africans carry more foreign admixture than these Colombian Africans. Is that true? ------- quote: However, San Basilio de Palenque population bear three HLA -A, -B, -DRB1, -DQB1 extended haplotypes which are only found in this population (Table 2, Supplementary Material). It may reflect that in the last 200-300 years Amerindian, European, African and Afro-American admixture has been scanty, compared to other Afro-Americans and even African populations. Social relationship with surrounding Colombian populations may have been limited by their pure African uses and culture, and even their unique Bantu-Spanish Creole speaking. In addition, it has been suggested that a majority of our sample individuals originated at Congo [16]. Finally, our HLA data support that this Afro- American group has received minimal gene flow [1], in spite of that new HLA-C (hybrid?) alleles have been found in a Colombian Mestizo individual [17]. All genotype data included in this paper is held in www.allelefrequencies.net which name is Colombia San Basilio de Palenque and identifier number is 3453[18].
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Post by kel on Feb 12, 2020 15:21:25 GMT -5
Very strange indeed. How could they have genetic features not found in any group in Africa ?
They are an offshoot and the founding group went extinct somehow ?.....perhaps they separated long ago from the source population.
Pre Colombian Africans ?....hence made a freetown by Spanish...and maintenance of their language by creolization.
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Post by thereal on Feb 12, 2020 15:47:30 GMT -5
How? Going by the history book they are suppose to be a hodgepodge of different African groups that were settled throughout the Americas at various points in time. Separated by 50 to 100+ years depending upon the region,unless there was a die off of those original continental Africans groups in Africa before being shipped to the Americas than it doesn't make sense why the would be genetically distinct.
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