"Growing evidence of West Africans prior to Columbus ? if You have anything new please post it. I am only aware of the old stuff."
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Genome-wide ancestry of 17th-century enslaved Africans from the Caribbean - Hannes Schroedera,b,1,2, María C – FEB2015
of three enslaved Africans whose remains were recovered in the Zoutsteeg area of Philipsburg on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin (Materials and Methods). Previous reports (6) suggest that the “Zoutsteeg Three,” as they became known locally, were likely born in Africa as opposed to the New World. But they did not reveal where in Africa they originated. Bayesian analysis of individual calibrated radiocarbon dates suggests that the burials date between A.D. 1660 and
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Divergence time of the STM1 Y-chromosome lineage
Upon merging STM1 data with related modern Y-chromosome sequences, we estimated a splittime of roughly 8500 years between the STM1 lineage and the CLOSEST FULLY SEQUENCED Y CHROMOSOMES currently in the literature, a cluster of eleven R1b1c3-V35 sequences reported in a sample of 1204 Sardinians (42). To do so, we estimated the length of time between the STM1- lineage divergence and the emergence of R1b, and then we compared this interval to the age of R1b (Fig. S17).
Read more:
egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/thread/1908/slave-voyages-database-zoutseeg-slaves#ixzz69jNxaFf5============
Origins, admixture dynamics and homogenization of the African gene pool in the Americas -
Mateus H. Gouveia1,
Abstract
The Transatlantic Slave Trade transported more than 9 million Africans to the Americas
between the early 16th and the mid-19th centuries. We performed genome-wide
analysis of 6,267 individuals from 22 populations and observed an
enrichment in West African ancestry in northern latitudes of the Americas, whereas
South/East African
ancestry is more prevalent in southern South-America. This
pattern results from distinct
geographic and geopolitical factors leading to population differentiation. However, we
observed a decrease of 68% in the African gene pool between-population diversity
within the Americas when compared to the regions of origin from Africa, underscoring
the importance of historical factors favoring admixture between individuals with
different African origins in the New World. This is consistent with the excess of West Central Africa ancestry (the most prevalent in the Americas) in the US and Southeast Brazil, respect to historical-demography expectations. Also, in most of the Americas,
admixture intensification occurred between 1,750 and 1,850, which correlates strongly
with the peak of arrivals from Africa. This study contributes with a population genetics
perspective to the ongoing social, cultural and political debate regarding ancestry, race,
and admixture in the Americas.
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xyyman-comments
Key word here is PATTERN. Why would South Africa ancestry be more prevalent in South America? Is the pattern consistent with chattle slavery or more consistent with pre-Colombian migration on connection. I wish these Europeans will be more honest and be truly objective in their research.
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This is an old study of a find of two skeletal remains discovered on St Croix Virgin Island in 1974,carried out by Bio-anthropologist Larry Angel Douglas H Ubelaker, also posted below is an article that appeared in 1974
Analysis Of The Hull's Bay Skeletons St Thomas
stcroixarchaeology.org/files/Hull_Bay_Skeletons_-_Ubelaker_-_Angel.pdf
The Virgin Islands Daily News - Oct 21, 1974
news.google.com/newspapers?nid=757&dat=19741021&id=kw9OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BK4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6610,5371424
You may have to scroll all the way to the left on Pg 12 of 12.
Observer-Reporter - Feb 24, 1975
Were Blacks First Settlers In The Western Hemisphere
news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2519&dat=19750224&id=wOZdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=K18NAAAAIBAJ&pg=5488
Pls go to Pg 5 of 42 scroll down to view article.
The Miami Herald also carried an article about the find during the same time, so that find did generate alot of interest, yrs later I only became aware of it because of Van Sertima's book The Came Before Columbus,I am hoping that the Government of the Virgin Island or the Smithsonian Institute carries out more surveys and digs of the area.
Anyhow you guys clik in and enjoy the links.
Read more:
egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/thread/1682/study-precolumbian-african-skeletons-virgin#ixzz69jTGfWdr