The Zirids Vs Normans

[anansi]

Was looking into the Zirids , who they were why did they figure so large among the Fatimids and beyond, these Saharan folks were the Sanhaja,and they were formidable,the struggle with the Normans was also epic, with reversals and conquest of their coastal towns,while being absorbed by the Normans in Sicily, as they were co-opted into the governing class.
Another thing is , folks like to use terms like Berbers or Arabs, while is ok?? In certain respects, it also obscured who we are actually talking about.

Zirid dynasty | History & Facts
Alternative Title: Banū Zīrī
Zīrid dynasty, also called Banū Zīrī, Muslim dynasty of Ṣanhājah Berbers whose various branches ruled in Ifrīqiyyah (Tunisia and eastern Algeria) and Granada (972–1152). Rising to prominence in the mountains of Kabylie, Algeria, where they established their first capital, Ashīr, the Zīrids became allies of the Fāṭimids of al-Qayrawān. Their loyal support prompted the Fāṭimid caliph al-Muʿizz, when moving to his new capital of Cairo (972), to appoint Yūsuf Buluggīn I ibn Zīrī governor of al-Qayrawān and any other territory the Zīrids might reclaim from their enemies, the Zanātah tribesmen. The Zīrid state under Buluggīn accordingly expanded its boundaries westward as far as Sabtah (now Ceuta, a Spanish exclave in Morocco) on the Strait of Gibraltar; in the reign of Bādīs ibn al-Manṣūr (995–1016) it was divided between the Zīrids at al-Qayrawān in the east and their kinsmen, the Ḥammādids, at Qalʿah (in Algeria).

In 1048, encouraged by economic prosperity, the Zīrids under al-Muʿizz (1016–62) declared themselves independent of the Fāṭimids and their Shīʿite doctrine. The Fāṭimids responded (1052) by sending the Banū Hilāl and Banū Sulaym Bedouins into the Maghrib. Cut off from traditional routes to the east, North Africa fell into a state of anarchy: the countryside was devastated, the peasant economy was ruined, and many settled communities reverted to nomadism. The Zīrids, forced to abandon al-Qayrawān, retreated to Mahdia, but their shattered state was not long able to survive coastal attacks by Sicilian Normans and finally fell in 1148. In 1067 the Ḥammādids managed to relocate in Bejaïa, where they carried on a lively trade until conquered by the Almohads in 1152.

Norman empire.

Another group of Zīrids, who had gone to Spain to serve in the Berber army of the Umayyad al-Muẓaffar (1002–08), established themselves as an independent dynasty (1012–90) in Granada under Zāwī ibn Zīrī. At the beginning of the 11th century the Zīrids were given the province of Ilbīra by the Spanish Umayyad caliph Sulaymān al-Mustaʿīn, and by 1038 they had extended this kingdom to include Jaén and Cabra. Málaga was taken from the Ḥammūdids about 1058 by Bādīs ibn Ḥabbūs and became the second centre of Zīrid rule in Spain. Despite their support of the Almoravid Yūsuf ibn Tāshufīn at the Battle of Zallāqah in 1086, these Zīrids were overthrown by the Almoravids in 1090.
www.britannica.com/topic/Zirid-Dynasty

Sanhaja battling Norman, in Sicily

[anansi]

The heartland of The Sanhaja.

The above is to drive home the point of who these people were that made up the Zirid dynasty came from.

Mahdia

Mahdia, also spelled Al-Mahdiyyah or Mahedia, town and fishing port located on Al-Sāḥil (Sahel), the coastal plain region in eastern Tunisia, about 125 miles (200 km) from Tunis. It lies on the narrow rocky peninsula of Cape Afrique (Cape Ifrīqīyā). The town owes its name to the mahdi (Arabic: mahdī, “the rightly guided one”) ʿUbayd Allāh al-Mahdī, founder of the Fāṭimid dynasty, who established the town in 912 and in 921 made it his capital. Abandoned about 973, Mahdia was reestablished as a refuge capital of the Zīrid dynasty in the late 11th century. Sicilian Normans occupied the town in the mid-12th century, and thereafter it was no more than a small village and the principal place of southern Al-Sāḥil. It served as a base for pirates in medieval times and was briefly occupied by Spain in the mid-16th century.
www.britannica.com/place/Mahdia#ref96554

Black Norman Knight and his lady
Which brings us to Sanhaja incorporation into Norman ruling circles, as exemplified by the above book cover, blacks in Britain Ancient and Modern.


Orkneyinga saga

Moors vs Vikings

Once both parties were on board there was fierce fighting,the people on the Dromond being Saracens,whom we called infdels of Mohammed, among them a good many black men,who put up a strong resistance.

Earling,honored aimer of spears,eagerly advanced toward the vassel in victory,with banners of blood;the black worriors,brave lads we captured or killed,crimsoning our blades,busey with this Dromond business our blades we bloodied on the blacks.

This is from an earlier thread, might be of an earlier time period, or the same era.

[anansi]

Taghribat Bani Hilal
While I was digging up info on the Banu Hilal I came across,their conquering hero, and quickly ran into Dana Marichche type of studies on Black Arabs, tbh, I was kinda expecting a stereotypical Arab with phenotype to match, in my mind's eye I imagined them to be just that , and while it may still largely be the case, maybe we need to rethink some of what we think we know.

The Hilali leader Abu Zayd al-Hilali, here simply "Abu Zayd", is given an epic-styled birth: his mother, barren for eleven years, prays at a magic spring and invokes a black bird in hopes that the might become pregnant, saying "Give me a boy like this bird, / Black like this bird". Her request is taken literally and so her son is born with black skin, and because of that he and his mother are cast out by his people. "In Arab epic [black skin is] a sure sign of service status", but since he is noble is a born warrior and outcast simultaneously. His fate is to unite all the Bedouin tribes so they can conquer the Maghreb; before he can do that he must overcome two enemies: Khatfa, a Jewish leader, and Handal, an evil Muslim king.

Here according to the links below tensions of anti darkskinned colorism began to take shape, this is exemplified by the highlighted part of the quote. And backed up by the links below.

. The event of Taghribat Bani Hilal has a basis in history, when Zirid Tunisia broke away from the Fatimid empire in the 11th century. Early sources describe how the Fatimid Caliph sent the Banu Hilal to central North Africa lands to punish the Zirids for rebelling. Some Western historians dismiss these political motivations and doubt whether the migrations were politically motivated at all, instead to seeking to emphasize sociological and climatic motivations.

The head chopping Black guy is the Banu Hilal hero

The epic has come to represent a foundational myth for Arab identity in North Africa and the spread of Islam across the Sahara effecting the cultural heritage of countries as far south as Sahel states such as Mali and Niger.

The epic, performed since the 14th century, has been sung in verses by master poets who provide their own musical accompaniment on a percussion instrument. It is a unique literary and musical form that reflects in it Arab folk history, customs, beliefs, symbolism and traditions. Proverbs and puzzles derived from the epic are often a part of everyday conversation in many areas of the Middle East. Some of the prominent characters of the epic include Abu zed al-Hilaliy, El Zenaty Kalepha and Zayab Ibn Ganem and there are several places in the Middle East that have been named for heroes mentioned in the epic. The Al-Sirah Al Hilaliyyah exalts courage and heroism and has in it themes of honour and revenge and of war and romance. It places events from a recalled and orally transferred history in their social and historical contexts and is a record of customs and practices and the food, clothing and lifestyles of these communities across time.

This crude political act had two major effects, one cultural, and the other literary. As a result of Arabic-speaking tribes settling Tunisia, this region's countryside became mainly Arabic speaking, and not Berber.
wikimili.com/en/Taghribat_Bani_Hilal

Plz give this two scholars on the issue of Black Arabs a tip of the hat.
afroasiatics.blogspot.com
Afro-Asitica

blackarabia.blogspot.com/2011/07/african-arabian-conquest-of-egypt-and.html
And
Black Arabia:

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

al-Jahiz records several Arab
tribes of black skin right?
Arab blacks are over 1000 yrs
old news.


Just remember the banu Hilal
set up the anti-black racist
regime in Mauritania where
generational slavery is still
inflicted on blacks for no
other reason than they are
black.

They say just as the camel
was born to bear loads so
is the black born for
enslavement to others.

That the bayad Maurs of today
are mostly black by global
standards bayad means white
and that's how they view
themselves whether lineage
be Hassaniya or Zenaga.

SIDEBAR ===================
Tibbu Tib's atrocities upon
Zanj are more important than
his colour and I know no
continentals that consider
him African. Even Kenyan
Mazrui are looked askance
when it comes to African
identity.
===========================

So why idolize someone from a people who view
Africans with major disdain? Esteem issues and
Romanticism.

Romanticism over Arabs with
black skin does the African
no good. Rarely if ever done
by continental Africans not
removed from their culture
and heritage.

Romantic and enthusiast works
lined my library in my youth.
Now I rarely consult them due
to their inherent pro-bias for
their subject.

But yes there's vital info in
those sources. It's just they
need 'objective' analysis and
heavy critique as to the author's
purpose.



Anyway, please keep digging up
those imgs. Always digging the
results of your blazing fresh
trails.

[anansi]

Yeah I get that, not touting their destructive and down right colorist anti Black nature, but it's instructional just the same, how a Ppl Black and yet operate as anti Black in their own culture, a quick look at our diaspora past and often in the present, bares that out, not only in the Latin speaking communities, but the ADOS based and Anglo Islands base as well, in our case , ( new world diasporean) we chalked it up to the "white supremacist influences " but what gives concerning much older communities on the other side of the pond.
They had not only strength in numbers but power to flex as well.

I remember an incendent when I was a teen, and this bad looking sista strolled by and I had to holla, she had a peculiar accent so I asked where she from , she said Curacao, and I said wow! they build fine sista like that??..things took a dark turn, I Am Not A Blk Girl! keep in mind she was the color of chocolate, then I was like waaat?? We were both the same exact complexion, I was like yeah, keep steppin ,first time I had came across that type , others were some Domincans,who could go either way.

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

Oct 2, 2020 1:40:50 GMT -5 anansi said:

Yeah I get that, not touting their destructive and down right colorist anti Black nature, but it's instructional just the same, how a Ppl Black and yet operate as anti Black in their own culture,

I agree all brown-skinneds of the so-called
Eastern Hemisphere are part of black history.
A 'Greco-Arab' physician's slave manual lists
Masmuda as blacks. A Masmuda document
complains about having to marry a black
[Habesh?]. Somewhat similar to al-Hilali's
gendering though with significant departures.

What is it with this red Arab mother with a
black Arab son we see with Abu Zayd al-Hilali
and Tibbu Tib? On the other hand Antar, the
Arab's superhero, his mother was Habesh. Did
acute colour prejudice exist in Yemen/Arabia
before Abyssinia conquered it and Persia came
to aid Arab fight against men with both black
skin and woolly hair?

a quick look at our diaspora past and often in the present, bares that out, not only in the Latin speaking communities, but the ADOS based and Anglo Islands base as well,

I know you know this already. Racial buffering
through metis of any level labeled other than
black. Pending on non-Euro / Euro ratio, Anglo
countries labeled any African ancestry black
while noting 1/2 1/4 & 1/8 varieties. Latin
and a few south of USA Anglo nations saw
the variation in a caste concept.

An Anglo isle like Xaymaka, more than majority
black, allowed for 4/4 & 3/4 Africans to learn
trades and skills for lack of white agents.

Latin Hispaniola split based on French or
Spanish lect. Their revolution, and just
about re-enslavement of the labor force
history, gives Haiti a unique outlook.
Don't know any DR history only that
decades ago Dominicans in the Heights
took on Cocolito identity even while
other Hispanics used cocolo derogative
toward African and other blacks.

in our case , ( new world diasporean) we chalked it up to the "white supremacist influences " but what gives concerning much older communities on the other side of the pond.
They had not only strength in numbers but power to flex as well.

Tell me more. Not quite sure where you mean
but of course it was in Africa differences
in colour, hair, facial features birthed
color struck, bad hair, and nose & lip
based pejorative concepts.

I remember an incendent when I was a teen, and this bad looking sista strolled by and I had to holla, she had a peculiar accent so I asked where she from , she said Curacao, and I said wow! they build fine sista like that??..things took a dark turn, I Am Not A Blk Girl! keep in mind she was the color of chocolate, then I was like waaat?? We were both the same exact complexion, I was like yeah, keep steppin ,first time I had came across that type , others were some Domincans,who could go either way.

ADOS invented the Talented Tenth for itself,
brown paper bag and pencil test passers, as
the vanguard of the race to attain white
collar and skilled professions since their
features were less repugnant per yte eyez.
Fashion catalogs once employed a TT type
I never seen anywhere in person. You know.
Hispanic want-ads still carry "must look
good" notices. Hispanic blacks know this.

Curacao has some heavy Sepharade influence.
Curacao, South America and near by isles
are something else. Luso-Hispanics developed
the most warped caste systems in some places
noting metis down to 1/64 of Afr or Euro or
Indio lineages.

I know nothing really about former Netherlands
or the Francophone islands except the Sepharade
connection and some old Zouk music. Soukous
used to be my thing though. Somewhat like
Latin Bachata in the guitar work.

Then you got your Coolies where a jet-black
East West-Indian calls a yellow-brown Afrikan
negro. A Coolie severely chastised his child
when he invited me to his home for some Kali.
The mother smacked him and the father shook
the boy up. I gathered the child was saying
Coolie anti-negro epitaphs as he pranced
around while looking at me and laughing.


<<OK gonna scrounge up
the Masmuda low down
and post it later.>>

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

MASMUDA LOW DOWN

The Berber women are from the island of Barbara^*, which is between the west and the south.
Their color is mostly black though some pale ones can be found among them. If you can find
one whose mother is of Kutama, whose father is of Sanhaja, and whose origin is Masmuda,
then you will find her naturally inclined to obedience and loyalty in all matters, active
in service, suited both to motherhood and to pleasure, for they are the most solicitous in
caring for their children.

- ibn Butlan
11th century

^* Algeria mainly. ~YYT~

Iranian Nasiri Khusrau described Masmuda soldiers in Fatimid armies as “black Africans”
"Berbers" per Yaacov Lev (1987) - Army, Regime and Society in Fatimid Egypt. p. 342

Abu Shama, a Syrian, described Masmuda Berbers as “blacks”. See, van Sertima
(ed. 1991) Golden Age of the Moor p. 57 wherein the Kitab al-Ravdatayn is cited.



The above are from the scholarship of Dana Reynolds-Marniche.
Below from el Hamel (2013) Black Morocco: A History of Slavery,
Race, and Islam pp 87-8

Abu Madyan used to tell his companions that ash-Shaykh abu Yi‘zza foretold
him that he would receive an Abyssinian female slave and that he would have
a son with her and that if this son lives he would be important. Indeed, a merchant
from Bijaya¹⁰⁶ gifted to him an Abyssinian female slave who did bear him
a son whom he named Muhammad. Before long, Abu Madyan stopped having
sexual intercourse with her and showed signs of discomfort. When he was asked
what was bothering him, he replied: “I did not have any desire for this female
slave and if it was not for the prediction of ash-Shaykh abu Yi‘zza, I would not
have approached her [. . .]. However, if I abandoned her I would have sinned, and
if I married her I would be discomfited by having a son with her.” Then, ‘Abd
ar-Razzaq¹⁰⁷ told him: “I would marry her and care for your son.” Abu Madyan
exclaimed: “Would you do that, although marriage with an Abyssinian woman is
a shameful thing among the Masmuda people?”¹⁰⁸ ‘Abd ar-Razzaq replied: “But,
I would do it for you.” So, he married her and cared for Abu Madyan’s son [but
at the end], the child died at a young age.<sup>109


106</sup> A city in northern Algeria.
¹⁰⁷ ‘Abd ar-Razzaq al-Jazuli was one of Abu Madyan’s disciples.
¹⁰⁸ Abyssinian (in Arabic Habashiyya) means in this context black Africans.
¹⁰⁹ Yusuf at-Tadili, at-Tashawwuf ila rijal at-tasawwuf, établi et annoté‚ par Ahmed Toufiq
(Rabat: Université Muhammad V, Publication de la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences
Humaines de Rabat, 1404/1984), 328.

[zarahan]

Oct 2, 2020 1:40:50 GMT -5 anansi said:

Yeah I get that, not touting their destructive and down right colorist anti Black nature, but it's instructional just the same, how a Ppl Black and yet operate as anti Black in their own culture, a quick look at our diaspora past and often in the present, bares that out, not only in the Latin speaking communities, but the ADOS based and Anglo Islands base as well, in our case , ( new world diasporean) we chalked it up to the "white supremacist influences " but what gives concerning much older communities on the other side of the pond.
They had not only strength in numbers but power to flex as well.

I remember an incendent when I was a teen, and this bad looking sista strolled by and I had to holla, she had a peculiar accent so I asked where she from , she said Curacao, and I said wow! they build fine sista like that??..things took a dark turn, I Am Not A Blk Girl! keep in mind she was the color of chocolate, then I was like waaat?? We were both the same exact complexion, I was like yeah, keep steppin ,first time I had came across that type , others were some Domincans,who could go either way.

Yeah its colorism or color prejudice of black folk against their own. Its common
in the Spanish-speaking parts, and in Brazil, and to among the A-rabs- anything
but "black." To some extent its what happens when black folks encounter whites
and other "non blacks" outside Africa, including who has power at the moment.
The black Moors would have had contact with the color-prejudiced A-rabs who give
more value to lite-skinnads. So ethnic/racial interaction and power relations
springing from that to a significant extent influence the issue.

[zarahan]

Oct 2, 2020 8:10:20 GMT -5 Tukuler al~Takruri said:

MASMUDA LOW DOWN

The Berber women are from the island of Barbara^*, which is between the west and the south.
Their color is mostly black though some pale ones can be found among them. If you can find
one whose mother is of Kutama, whose father is of Sanhaja, and whose origin is Masmuda,
then you will find her naturally inclined to obedience and loyalty in all matters, active
in service, suited both to motherhood and to pleasure, for they are the most solicitous in
caring for their children.

- ibn Butlan
11th century

^* Algeria mainly. ~YYT~

Iranian Nasiri Khusrau described Masmuda soldiers in Fatimid armies as “black Africans”
"Berbers" per Yaacov Lev (1987) - Army, Regime and Society in Fatimid Egypt. p. 342

Abu Shama, a Syrian, described Masmuda Berbers as “blacks”. See, van Sertima
(ed. 1991) Golden Age of the Moor p. 57 wherein the Kitab al-Ravdatayn is cited.



The above are from the scholarship of Dana Reynolds-Marniche.
Below from el Hamel (2013) Black Morocco: A History of Slavery,
Race, and Islam pp 87-8

Abu Madyan used to tell his companions that ash-Shaykh abu Yi‘zza foretold
him that he would receive an Abyssinian female slave and that he would have
a son with her and that if this son lives he would be important. Indeed, a merchant
from Bijaya¹⁰⁶ gifted to him an Abyssinian female slave who did bear him
a son whom he named Muhammad. Before long, Abu Madyan stopped having
sexual intercourse with her and showed signs of discomfort. When he was asked
what was bothering him, he replied: “I did not have any desire for this female
slave and if it was not for the prediction of ash-Shaykh abu Yi‘zza, I would not
have approached her [. . .]. However, if I abandoned her I would have sinned, and
if I married her I would be discomfited by having a son with her.” Then, ‘Abd
ar-Razzaq¹⁰⁷ told him: “I would marry her and care for your son.” Abu Madyan
exclaimed: “Would you do that, although marriage with an Abyssinian woman is
a shameful thing among the Masmuda people?”¹⁰⁸ ‘Abd ar-Razzaq replied: “But,
I would do it for you.” So, he married her and cared for Abu Madyan’s son [but
at the end], the child died at a young age.<sup>109


106</sup> A city in northern Algeria.
¹⁰⁷ ‘Abd ar-Razzaq al-Jazuli was one of Abu Madyan’s disciples.
¹⁰⁸ Abyssinian (in Arabic Habashiyya) means in this context black Africans.
¹⁰⁹ Yusuf at-Tadili, at-Tashawwuf ila rijal at-tasawwuf, établi et annoté‚ par Ahmed Toufiq
(Rabat: Université Muhammad V, Publication de la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences
Humaines de Rabat, 1404/1984), 328.

Yes this shows A-rab influenced colorism even among the dark complexioned. Even the first
Muslim muezzin, the ex-slave Ethiop Bilal, was mocked by some because of his dark skin.

After the conquest of Makka. Bilal al-Habashi stood on the Ka'ba's roof and called the people to prayer (adhan). Several Qurayshi leaders. namely. Abu Sufyan. 'Attab ibn Asid. and Harith ibn Hisham. were sitting together near the Ka'ba. 'Attab said: "My father is fortunate not to witness this moment." Harith asked contemptuously: "Could not Muhammad find someone other than this black crow to be the mu'azzin?"
FROM: Ibn Hajar. al-Matalib al-'Aliya. 4366; Ibn Hisham. Sira. 2:413.

"But some Muslims could not bear to accept Bilal as a rightful Muezzin
because he was black-skinned, and when they heard him call -- which was often
-- they even prayed that they could die, so as not to have to hear the Ethiopian's
voice (Azan) ever again."
-- [Tabaqat Ibn Sa‘ad, vol. III:1, p. 166; Abu Na'im, op. cit.,
vol. 1, p. 148; Ibn Hajar, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 336.]

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

Oct 3, 2020 10:19:37 GMT -5 zarahan said:

Yes this shows A-rab influenced colorism even among the dark complexioned. Even the first
Muslim muezzin, the ex-slave Ethiop Bilal, was mocked by some because of his dark skin.

After the conquest of Makka. Bilal al-Habashi stood on the Ka'ba's roof and called the people to prayer (adhan). Several Qurayshi leaders. namely. Abu Sufyan. 'Attab ibn Asid. and Harith ibn Hisham. were sitting together near the Ka'ba. 'Attab said: "My father is fortunate not to witness this moment." Harith asked contemptuously: "Could not Muhammad find someone other than this black crow to be the mu'azzin?"
FROM: Ibn Hajar. al-Matalib al-'Aliya. 4366; Ibn Hisham. Sira. 2:413.

"But some Muslims could not bear to accept Bilal as a rightful Muezzin
because he was black-skinned, and when they heard him call -- which was often
-- they even prayed that they could die, so as not to have to hear the Ethiopian's
voice (Azan) ever again."
-- [Tabaqat Ibn Sa‘ad, vol. III:1, p. 166; Abu Na'im, op. cit.,
vol. 1, p. 148; Ibn Hajar, op. cit., vol. 1, p. 336.]

When did colour prejudice become de riguer in which parts
of the peninsula? Likewise features? al-Jahiz records the
9th century Zanj opinion that colour, hair, and facial
feature bias entered with Islam. They say this is when
Arabs began witholding their daughters from Zanj. How
factual is all that though?

Ancient Hebrew literature uses the same word for evening
(hence "dusk-y"), crow, and Arab. Something happened along
the way. When, where, and how did the term Crows of the Arabs
come into use? Any reason it's almost particular to musical
entertainers? Crows can't sing but Arab musicologist are
unanimous in proclaiming their blacks as the "rock stars".
Ziryab is the black bird apropos music, he was "God" in
9th century al Andalus.

How old is the Antar cycle? Is it older than Abyssinia's
conquest of 'Arabia Felix'? Does it show the beginnings
of Arab bias are due to hatred of a conqueror darn near
uniformily 'raisin headed'? Antar wasn't of an Arab black
clan or tribe. His mother was Habesh. I don't run into
Arabs of the class now immigrating to the USA who know
Antar. Do even the educated classes know of Antar anymore?
Did even Zanji say anything about Antar to al-Jahiz?

Imazighen? Does their colour bias and prejudice stem
from post 2nd century Christianity and Arab Islam (built
on a Jewish base)? Is it solely original, predating Islam?
How come they have a type of morphing 'demon' that will
appear in human form as either a beautiful female Amazigh
or else a handsome male Gnawa?

What of Kanem-Bornu? How long has the corridor from Lake
Tshad to Surt been the hi-way for slavers and the enslaved
that empire made of it? Is it any wonder unemployed 'Gnawa'
still use that route to get to Libya and then Italy, as in
history maybe as far back as the early mid-Holocene when
Sudanese Neolithics were introduced to 'Gafsia'?


OK I ramble but not in an aimless mind stroll.

Why within Islam is it supposedly a crime to say their prophet was black?
Is that just a recorded opinion of one man or is it practical Sharia Law?

[zarahan]

Not rambling but good points all. At what stage did these things arise?
And why indeed it it a crime to say Muhammad was black? Why "whiteness" hadiths?
There are many who don't want the spotlight shed on such uncomfortable
questions.

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

The classic 'Iranian' work called
The 1000 Nights and a Night Tales
may be the primer. Check it for
a tale of girls of various sizes
and colours who berate their
rivals' physical characteristics
and iIrc mentality and attitude.


Which stories are Persian? Which Arabian, or
Levantine? It's a vast compendium. Beware
translator. If Burton, his own racism's in
his wordage though in a story's main
thrust, it's Islamic. In it in general
the black is a sexual athlete that
upper class females prefer. And
the blacker the better at that!


Here's the primary doc on penalty for saying
Muhammad was black. Parenthetically it states
if meaning to denigrate him. Later, the direct
no parentheses explanation is "because he was not
black". Death for that? Go figure. Kinda makesya
wonder if a possible black 'identity' was being
suppressed. After all did Zanji lie about the
Prophet's grandfather? Are there other such refs?
Hadith say their prophet Muhammad was a white
(peanut butter / caramel complexion) man.

coming Ash Shifa 2009 AraEng 1[/img]
coming Ash Shifa 2009 AraEng 2[/img]

[anansi]

This thread churning out so much information from both questions and answers.
I have to revisit ole Al-Jahiz , The Superiority In Glory Of The Blacks Over The Whites and true one have to be mindful of Euro-translation.
The theory of Axumite imperial ambitions causing racist clapped back is interesting, so Persian inspired racism Could be one factor.?? dick envy through the curse of Ham another.