Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Jan 16, 2011 22:49:28 GMT -5
Activists' Trial Puts Spotlight On Anti-Slavery Law
4 January 2011
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Nouakchott — Six anti-slavery activists are in prison in Mauritania
in a case rights experts say points to the challenges of ensuring
a 2007 law criminalizing slavery is more than just words on paper.
The six men, members of the Mauritanian anti-slavery group
Initiative pour la résurgence du mouvement abolitioniste (IRA),
are set to go on trial in the capital, Nouakchott, on 5 January
after two postponements. The authorities said the IRA members
attacked security forces; the activists said they were simply
demonstrating against slavery.
"We suspected that the 2007 law would not be put into effect,"
Romana Cacchioli, Africa expert with Anti-Slavery International,
told IRIN. "And indeed its application is not yet a reality. Cases
that have been brought are either still in process but taking a
long time or have not been pursued."
The law makes keeping slaves a crime in Mauritania, but the
practice continues. The NGO SOS Esclaves says nearly a fifth
of Mauritania's 3.1 million people were slaves in 2009.
On 13 December the six activists were arrested while protesting
in front of a Nouakchott police station; the activists were calling
for the group's leader to attend the questioning of two girls --
aged nine and 13 -- allegedly kept as slaves.
"Each time a slave is questioned, the police don't want [IRA
president] Biram Oula Dah Ould Abeid to attend," IRA member
Hamady Lehbouss told IRIN. "This way the police are able to
manipulate the slaves."
Leïla Ahmed, IRA member and Ould Abeid's wife, was at the
police station; she said she felt teargas and saw policemen
beating IRA members, including her husband.
The Mauritanian authorities have declined to comment on the
arrests or the protest in front of the Nouakchott police station.
Ineffective law?
The 2007 law - adopted unanimously by Mauritania's National
Assembly - criminalized slavery. But to date, according to IRA
and SOS Esclaves, no one has been prosecuted for keeping
slaves.
Human rights and anti-slavery activists expressed concern in
2007 that the law alone was insufficient, saying the government
must adopt measures to ensure the law would be effective.
The law says slaveholders could be given 10-year prison
sentences and fines ranging from US$2,000 to $4,000. Anyone
facilitating slavery can be imprisoned for two years. The law also
provides for financial compensation to former victims.
The law does not allow representatives of civil society groups to
attend trials.
"No legal measures exist for slaves to claim their rights," IRA
secretary-general Boubacar Ould Mohammed told IRIN.
The deputy head of SOS Esclaves in Mauritania, Mohamed Ould
Khalifa, said the authorities always classify such cases simply as
disputes between an employer and his or her employees.
Widely practised
Activists said part of the difficulty in criminalizing slavery is that it
is so widely practised. "The authorities themselves keep slaves,"
Khalifa said.
But also, former slave Haby Rabah told IRIN, many people
in slavery do not know their rights or are afraid to leave.
"My masters told me: 'The slave depends on his owner and in
order to go to paradise he must obey his owner. Otherwise he
will go to hell'," said Rabah who, with IRA's help, was liberated
three years and four months ago.
"I knew no one but my masters. I belonged to them and that
seemed normal to me. When I was young my owners beat me;
when I got older they threatened to take me to the police if I
disobeyed them."
Local experts say slavery continues in cities as well as in rural
areas in this Sahelian country which lies geographically and
culturally between Arab North Africa and black sub-Saharan
Africa. Most affected are the Harratin - black Moors, descendants
of slaves - who are generally owned by upper class white Moors,
the minority ruling elite of Arab-Berber descent, according to SOS
Esclaves. Slaves generally do household work or attend to
livestock; they are not allowed to own land.
A common saying among Mauritanians is: "The ground is the
slave's bed, fire his clothing."
4 January 2011
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nouakchott — Six anti-slavery activists are in prison in Mauritania
in a case rights experts say points to the challenges of ensuring
a 2007 law criminalizing slavery is more than just words on paper.
The six men, members of the Mauritanian anti-slavery group
Initiative pour la résurgence du mouvement abolitioniste (IRA),
are set to go on trial in the capital, Nouakchott, on 5 January
after two postponements. The authorities said the IRA members
attacked security forces; the activists said they were simply
demonstrating against slavery.
"We suspected that the 2007 law would not be put into effect,"
Romana Cacchioli, Africa expert with Anti-Slavery International,
told IRIN. "And indeed its application is not yet a reality. Cases
that have been brought are either still in process but taking a
long time or have not been pursued."
The law makes keeping slaves a crime in Mauritania, but the
practice continues. The NGO SOS Esclaves says nearly a fifth
of Mauritania's 3.1 million people were slaves in 2009.
On 13 December the six activists were arrested while protesting
in front of a Nouakchott police station; the activists were calling
for the group's leader to attend the questioning of two girls --
aged nine and 13 -- allegedly kept as slaves.
"Each time a slave is questioned, the police don't want [IRA
president] Biram Oula Dah Ould Abeid to attend," IRA member
Hamady Lehbouss told IRIN. "This way the police are able to
manipulate the slaves."
Leïla Ahmed, IRA member and Ould Abeid's wife, was at the
police station; she said she felt teargas and saw policemen
beating IRA members, including her husband.
The Mauritanian authorities have declined to comment on the
arrests or the protest in front of the Nouakchott police station.
Ineffective law?
The 2007 law - adopted unanimously by Mauritania's National
Assembly - criminalized slavery. But to date, according to IRA
and SOS Esclaves, no one has been prosecuted for keeping
slaves.
Human rights and anti-slavery activists expressed concern in
2007 that the law alone was insufficient, saying the government
must adopt measures to ensure the law would be effective.
The law says slaveholders could be given 10-year prison
sentences and fines ranging from US$2,000 to $4,000. Anyone
facilitating slavery can be imprisoned for two years. The law also
provides for financial compensation to former victims.
The law does not allow representatives of civil society groups to
attend trials.
"No legal measures exist for slaves to claim their rights," IRA
secretary-general Boubacar Ould Mohammed told IRIN.
The deputy head of SOS Esclaves in Mauritania, Mohamed Ould
Khalifa, said the authorities always classify such cases simply as
disputes between an employer and his or her employees.
Widely practised
Activists said part of the difficulty in criminalizing slavery is that it
is so widely practised. "The authorities themselves keep slaves,"
Khalifa said.
But also, former slave Haby Rabah told IRIN, many people
in slavery do not know their rights or are afraid to leave.
"My masters told me: 'The slave depends on his owner and in
order to go to paradise he must obey his owner. Otherwise he
will go to hell'," said Rabah who, with IRA's help, was liberated
three years and four months ago.
"I knew no one but my masters. I belonged to them and that
seemed normal to me. When I was young my owners beat me;
when I got older they threatened to take me to the police if I
disobeyed them."
Local experts say slavery continues in cities as well as in rural
areas in this Sahelian country which lies geographically and
culturally between Arab North Africa and black sub-Saharan
Africa. Most affected are the Harratin - black Moors, descendants
of slaves - who are generally owned by upper class white Moors,
the minority ruling elite of Arab-Berber descent, according to SOS
Esclaves. Slaves generally do household work or attend to
livestock; they are not allowed to own land.
A common saying among Mauritanians is: "The ground is the
slave's bed, fire his clothing."
