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Post by djoser-xyyman on Sept 7, 2011 12:46:29 GMT -5
Polimorfismos de DNA mitocondrial en poblaciones antiguas de la cuenca mediterránea biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/title/polimorfismos-dna-mitocondrial-poblaciones-antiguas-cuenca-mediterranea/id/3136593.htmlDescription: SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS The origins of European populations have been addressed from different disciplines, highlighting the contribution of population genetics studies. Shuffle two moments in prehistory in which it has been possible to model the gene pool of populations in Europe: the spread of Neolithic and Palaeolithic period expansions. The ability to recover from bygone population genetics provides a unique opportunity to test the assumptions made in situ from other disciplines. We studied 197 samples from 115 dental and bone individuals 17 archaeological sites Sumerian Neolithic and Middle East, when Meroitic Nubia and Paleolithic era, post-Neolithic and Neolithic of the Iberian Peninsula. We obtained complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA of 244 bp of 35 different individuals, were compared with sequences from the same region of present individuals from 38 populations in Europe, Africa and Middle East. In phylogenetic reconstructions based on Reynolds distance groups of ancient samples are grouped together, separated from the rest of current populations. However, phylogenetic reconstructions made from the haplotypes of ancient and modern samples denote that although the majority of ancient mitochondrial variants are not present in current populations sampled, may relate more or less closely with them. The composition of haplotypes and haplogroups of ancient samples from the Near East and the Iberian Peninsula differs markedly from that found in the current populations of these geographical regions. In the ancient Middle East show highlights in particular the absence of mitochondrial haplogroup J, U3, W and X, associated with the Neolithic expansion into Europe. This may be due either to the sample obtained is not old chronologically or geographically-representative populations of the Middle East that spread during the Neolithic well that these variants were not introduced in Europe during the Neolithic. In the ancient sample of the Iberian Peninsula highlights the presence of 50% of sub-Saharan lines. These lines may have been introduced during the Solutrean, the Mesolithic or Neolithic. This work also delved into various technical aspects of obtaining authentic ancient DNA and the influence of several variables in the preservation of genetic material. ABSTRACT The origins of the European Populations Studied extensively from Have Been Different disciplines. It is Thought That ancient demic expansions, like occurred After the Late Those Glacial Maximum or DURING the Middle East from neolithic diffussion to Europe. The Possibility to recover DNA from past Populations offers an unique Opportunity to test in situ These hypothesis. 197 It Were Analyzed teeth and bones from 115 individuos Archaeological Sites and 17 Different from Middle East and the Iberian Peninsula. It WAS possible to recover mitochondrial DNA sequences 244pb-35 from Different Individuals. They Were 38 Compared to sequences from European, African and Middle Eastern Populations present-day. Phylogenetic Reconstructions from Reynolds genetic distance Showed That ancient samples clustered together, extant from Clearly Separated Populations. Howeve, based phylogenetic Reconstructions on ancient and modern mitochondrial haplotypes Showed That ancient haplotypes are related to extant ones. Haplotype frequencies and haplogroup in samples from the ancient Middle East and the Iberian Peninsula are Different from Those Clearly present in the Same Geographical Nowadays regions. Haplogroups related to J neolithic expansion to Europe, U3, W and X-are absent in ancient middle eastern sample. There are two possible Explanations to this fact. First, It Could Be That the ancient samples possible Analyzed wont be representative of the Middle Eastern Populations That expanded the neolithic. Second, It Could Be That Those haplogroups Also possible wont Have Been made to them in Europe associated with expansions to neolithic demic. At This work It Were Also Examined technical Several Aspects related to the obtention of genuine ancient DNA and the Influence of Different variables in DNA preservation.
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Post by zarahan on Sept 7, 2011 13:44:50 GMT -5
Excellent find. The absence of Haplogroup J is very interesting. Could it be that this Haplogroup played a minor role in the initial Neolithic revolution brought to Europe? Polimorfismos de DNA mitocondrial en poblaciones antiguas de la cuenca mediterránea biblioteca.universia.net/html_bura/ficha/params/title/polimorfismos-dna-mitocondrial-poblaciones-antiguas-cuenca-mediterranea/id/3136593.htmlDescription: SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS The origins of European populations have been addressed from different disciplines, highlighting the contribution of population genetics studies. Shuffle two moments in prehistory in which it has been possible to model the gene pool of populations in Europe: the spread of Neolithic and Palaeolithic period expansions. The ability to recover from bygone population genetics provides a unique opportunity to test the assumptions made in situ from other disciplines. We studied 197 samples from 115 dental and bone individuals 17 archaeological sites Sumerian Neolithic and Middle East, when Meroitic Nubia and Paleolithic era, post-Neolithic and Neolithic of the Iberian Peninsula. We obtained complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA of 244 bp of 35 different individuals, were compared with sequences from the same region of present individuals from 38 populations in Europe, Africa and Middle East. In phylogenetic reconstructions based on Reynolds distance groups of ancient samples are grouped together, separated from the rest of current populations. However, phylogenetic reconstructions made from the haplotypes of ancient and modern samples denote that although the majority of ancient mitochondrial variants are not present in current populations sampled, may relate more or less closely with them. The composition of haplotypes and haplogroups of ancient samples from the Near East and the Iberian Peninsula differs markedly from that found in the current populations of these geographical regions. In the ancient Middle East show highlights in particular the absence of mitochondrial haplogroup J, U3, W and X, associated with the Neolithic expansion into Europe. This may be due either to the sample obtained is not old chronologically or geographically-representative populations of the Middle East that spread during the Neolithic well that these variants were not introduced in Europe during the Neolithic. In the ancient sample of the Iberian Peninsula highlights the presence of 50% of sub-Saharan lines. These lines may have been introduced during the Solutrean, the Mesolithic or Neolithic. This work also delved into various technical aspects of obtaining authentic ancient DNA and the influence of several variables in the preservation of genetic material. ABSTRACT The origins of the European Populations Studied extensively from Have Been Different disciplines. It is Thought That ancient demic expansions, like occurred After the Late Those Glacial Maximum or DURING the Middle East from neolithic diffussion to Europe. The Possibility to recover DNA from past Populations offers an unique Opportunity to test in situ These hypothesis. 197 It Were Analyzed teeth and bones from 115 individuos Archaeological Sites and 17 Different from Middle East and the Iberian Peninsula. It WAS possible to recover mitochondrial DNA sequences 244pb-35 from Different Individuals. They Were 38 Compared to sequences from European, African and Middle Eastern Populations present-day. Phylogenetic Reconstructions from Reynolds genetic distance Showed That ancient samples clustered together, extant from Clearly Separated Populations. Howeve, based phylogenetic Reconstructions on ancient and modern mitochondrial haplotypes Showed That ancient haplotypes are related to extant ones. Haplotype frequencies and haplogroup in samples from the ancient Middle East and the Iberian Peninsula are Different from Those Clearly present in the Same Geographical Nowadays regions. Haplogroups related to J neolithic expansion to Europe, U3, W and X-are absent in ancient middle eastern sample. There are two possible Explanations to this fact. First, It Could Be That the ancient samples possible Analyzed wont be representative of the Middle Eastern Populations That expanded the neolithic. Second, It Could Be That Those haplogroups Also possible wont Have Been made to them in Europe associated with expansions to neolithic demic. At This work It Were Also Examined technical Several Aspects related to the obtention of genuine ancient DNA and the Influence of Different variables in DNA preservation.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Sept 7, 2011 14:47:45 GMT -5
To me this paper is really big. 1. To your point Hg-J. More is the absence of HG-J in the ancient middle eastern population. That is mind blowing and has to carefully scrutinized. However more importantly. . . 2. The frequency of SSA is also astonishing. 50%!!!!. I always speculated that there is NO such thing as SSA lineage. All Hg-E isubclades are Saharan. Was it Coon who said that there is no “sub-saharan “morphological skeletons found in West Africa prior to the Mesolithic. “SSA linage” true origin is in the Sahara/Sahel belt. 3. the majority of ancient mitochondrial variants are not present in current populations sampled, 4. The composition of haplotypes and haplogroups of ancient samples from the Near East and the Iberian Peninsula differs markedly from that found in the current populations of these geographical regions. 5. In the ancient Middle East show highlights in particular the absence of mitochondrial haplogroup J, U3, W and X, associated with the Neolithic expansion into Europe. 6. Haplotype frequencies and haplogroup in samples from the ancient Middle East and the Iberian Peninsula are Different from Those Clearly present in the Same Geographical Nowadays regions.
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Post by anansi on Sept 8, 2011 0:18:28 GMT -5
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oshun
Craftsperson
Posts: 40
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Post by oshun on May 25, 2012 9:44:23 GMT -5
I'm confused about what this all proves
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Aug 5, 2013 20:27:42 GMT -5
1.0 Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe. González AM, Brehm A, Pérez JA, Maca-Meyer N, Flores C, Cabrera VM.
1.1.1 Source Departamento de Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, 38271 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. amglez@ull.es
1.1.2 Abstract Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Atlantic European samples has detected significant latitudinal clines for several clusters with Paleolithic (H) and Neolithic (J, U4, U5a1, and U5a1a) coalescence ages in Europe. These gradients may be explained as the result of Neolithic influence on a rather homogeneous Paleolithic background. There is also evidence that some Neolithic clusters reached this border by a continental route (J, J1, J1a, U5a1, and U5a1a), whereas others (J2) did so through the Mediterranean coast. An important gene flow from Africa was detected in the Atlantic Iberia. Specific sub-Saharan lineages appeared mainly restricted to southern Portugal, and could be attributed to historic Black slave trade in the area and to a probable Saharan Neolithic influence. In fact, U6 haplotypes of specific North African origin have only been detected in the Iberian peninsula northwards from central Portugal. Based on this peculiar distribution and the high diversity pi value (0.014 +/- 0.001) in this area compared to North Africa (0.006 +/- 0.001), we reject the proposal that only historic events such as the Moslem occupation are the main cause of this gene flow, and instead propose a pre-Neolithic origin for it.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Aug 5, 2013 20:33:38 GMT -5
Eva Fernández DomínguezAbstract: [Eng] The origins of European populations have been addressed from various disciplines, highlighting the contribution of population genetics studies. Shuffle two moments in prehistory in which it has been possible to model the gene pool of European populations: the spread of Neolithic and Upper Paleolithic expansions. The ability to retrieve genetic information from past populations provides a unique opportunity to spot check the hypotheses from other disciplines. We studied 197 dental and bone samples of 115 individuals from 17 archaeological sites and Sumerian Neolithic Near East, Nubia Meroitic era and paleolithic, neolithic and post-Neolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. We obtained complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of 244 bp from 35 different individuals were compared with sequences from the same region of current individuals 38 European populations, African and Middle East. In phylogenetic reconstructions based on the distance of Reynolds ancient samples groups are grouped together, away from the extant populations. However, phylogenetic reconstructions made from haplotypes old and new samples illustrates that, although most ancient mitochondrial variants are not present in current populations sampled can relate to more or less closely with them. The composition of haplotypes and haplogroups of ancient samples from Middle East and the Iberian Peninsula differs markedly from that found in the current populations of these geographic regions. In the old sample of middle eastern absence of mitochondrial haplogroups J, U3, W and X, related to the expansion of the Neolithic into Europe. This may be due either to the ancient samples analyzed is not representative-chronologically or geographically-populations that expanded Middle East during the Neolithic well that these variants were not introduced to Europe during the Neolithic. In the old sample of the Iberian Peninsula highlights the presence of a 50% sub-Saharan lines. These lines may have been introduced during the Solutrean, the Mesolithic or Neolithic. This paper also examined several technical aspects of obtaining authentic ancient DNA and the influence of several variables on the preservation of genetic material
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Aug 5, 2013 21:33:25 GMT -5
MtDNA analysis of ancient samples from Castellón (Spain): Diachronic variation and genetic relationships. Funerary Practices in the Iberian Peninsula from the Mesolithic to the Chalcolithic Thirty-seven bone and teeth samples from Chalcolithic and Iberian ages from several sites located in Castellón (Spain) were analyzed for mtDNA HVRI polymorphisms. Despite of the presence of PCR inhibitors, we recovered 150 bp fragments in nine cases. Lineages suggest a close relationship among individuals from the same archaeological site, due to a possible familiar relationship or to a common ethnic origin. Chalcolithic haplotypes differed from those recovered from Iberian samples. This indicates a possible genetic replacement between both periods in the Spanish Levant.Dr. Eva Fernandez Dominguezwww.ljmu.ac.uk
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 11, 2017 16:15:43 GMT -5
bmp
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jun 11, 2018 11:47:40 GMT -5
Is she a Moor or Berber? youtu.be/T9lxtwrGHREEva Fernández Dominguez | Eva Fernández Dominguez is on Facebook. Join Facebook to connect with Eva Fernández Dominguez and others you may know. Facebook gives people the ... LJMU Research Café 4 -Dr Eva Fernandez Dominguez - DNA and ... Video for eva fernandez-dominguez▶ 21:18 www.youtube.com/watch?v=2vVF25Nz5tkOct 10, 2013 - Uploaded by Liverpool John Moores University LJMU Research Café - Dr. Eva Fernandez Dominguez - DNA and migrations the story written in our genes. You've visited this page 2 times. Last visit: 6/11/18
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Post by kel on Dec 27, 2018 12:48:48 GMT -5
"This indicates a possible genetic replacement between both periods in the Spanish Levant." Genocide
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Sept 26, 2023 15:01:52 GMT -5
Cont’d Quote: African genetic contribution to the European gene pool The genetic history of the human populations of the European continents and African has traditionally been interpreted separately. The contacts with the African continent - evident in some European populations such as Sicily, Canary Islands or Andalusia–, have been interpreted as the result of gene flow relatively recent. The high percentage of mitochondrial lineages in the ancient samples that currently located **only ** in sub-Saharan Africa comes to suggest that the roots of this gene flow go back much further in the past, at least to the Neolithic. This is especially evident in the ancient samples of the Peninsula Iberian, where 5 of the 11 complete sequences recovered – and at least one of the 9 partial sequences – can be unequivocally attributed to African haplogroups sub-Saharan Africans. As we have already pointed out above, none of these lines are present in the current populations used for the comparison, although some haplotypes related. It follows that, in the geographical regions studied, it took place it is a population replacement. The result, on the other hand, forces us to consider the following main questions: When did the loss of these lineages occur?; can you to extrapolate the influence of Africa to other regions of the Iberian Peninsula and the the European continent?; and, at what time did this gene flow from Africa start? Regarding the first of the questions, the information available up to the at the moment, it can only be stated that such a loss must necessarily have been subsequent to the Chalcolithic. As for the second one, the small number of samples analyzed forces caution: to answer the question it would be necessary to expand the Discussion 623 analysis of contemporary samples from other geographical regions. The type and distribution of the lineages obtained, however, suggests that the phenomenon may have affected the the whole of the peninsula. The two deposits in this region in which this type of lineages are found one at the southern end -in Nerja (Malaga) - and the other at north - in Navarre–. The mitochondrial lines present at both ends belong to different haplogroups, which makes both the entry of two migratory waves plausible from Africa as a single entry of a heterogeneous group with possible effects derivative founders. The role of Africa in the prehistory of our country was a very fashion among the prehistorians of the 20s, later abandoned and embodied, later, in the figure of Luis Pericot. Three are the moments he proposes for the arrival of elements and people from Africa: the Upper Paleolithic, the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. During the Upper Paleolithic, the Solutrean cultural period could correspond to an African current arrived through the Strait of Gibraltar, to judge due to the similarity between the Solutrean points of the Mugaret el Aliya Cave (Tangier) and those of the Parpalló Cave (Catalonia) (PERICOT 1950). According to Pericot, at the beginning of the Mesolithic the first great population flow from Africa. It was about the carriers of the “Capsiense” industry, characterized by microlithic elements in the form of a triangle and trapezoid decorated with geometric shapes. There is evidence of the expansion of this industry throughout Spain. Pericot also points out the presence of microlithic elements similar to the capsienses in Portugal, in the concheros de Muge. The availability of samples of this enclave offered us a unique opportunity to test the veracity of this hypothesis. However, contamination of the samples during the extraction process frustrated the goal. On the other hand, a complete ancient sequence could be obtained from another contemporary conchero nearby. The Toledo-1 (TO1) sample certainly belongs to the African haplogroup L3, which supports Pericot's thesis of an African substrate Mesolithic in the Iberian Peninsula. Eva Fernández Domínguez 624 Of the four complete Paleolithic sequences obtained in the present work -two from the Magdalenian stratum and two from the Solutrean-, none shows the pattern African characteristic mutational. Neither do the other two sequences. Paleolithic periods published so far (DE BENEDETTO et al. 2000; CARAMELLI et al. 2003) - leaving aside the skepticism about its authenticity (ABBOTT 2003)–. The the small sample size does not, however, allow us to completely rule out the existence of an African gene flow during the Upper Paleolithic. The second arrival of African immigrants corresponds to the Neolithic. According to Pericot there are two routes that took the Neolithic from the Near East to the Peninsula Iberian. The first of them through Europe entering through the Pyrenees and the second, the oldest, coming from Egypt through the Strait of Gibraltar. The input from Africa is would have produced in two distinct migratory waves, the earlier one associated with the ceramic of the cardiac type and a subsequent carrier of an undecorated ceramic. Already in the Peninsula, the characteristic cultural type of the second Neolithic migratory wave was it would have extended from the Almeria region to practically the entire territory peninsular, so this phase has traditionally been called the "Culture of Almeria”. Potentially either of these two waves could have left lineages typically Africans in Andalusia and Navarre. In the writings of Pericot - see The Roots of Spain or Early Spain– , it is especially emphasized that the different migratory waves from Africa do not they substantially modified the inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula, because these they descended from an ancestral Gravetian substrate with **roots also** in Africa. The the hypothesis** fell into disuse** and has been long refuted by many prehistorians. Comes, now, to recover actuality in the face of these results, even though it is not our purpose to replace the prehistorians but to contribute to the inquiry into the origin the biological history of the ancient inhabitants of Iberia. The mitochondrial DNA of the current European populations descends from a few few African lines belonging to haplogroup L3 that left the continent and gave rise to the founding types M and N. The immigrants who populated Europe they carried lineages descended from the N-type, probably the haplogroups U, I, H and JT (FORSTER 2004). Thus, there is some consensus that the mtDNA of the first
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Sept 26, 2023 15:03:40 GMT -5
Discussion 625 European Homo sapiens was already different from the African populations of the time. The few sequences of Paleolithic individuals available so far so they corroborate. However, the possibility of a survival cannot be totally ruled out in those people of the first mitochondrial lines who left Africa, and/or of the existence of a continuous flow since the Paleolithic between this continent and Eurasia. The results of this doctoral thesis show the substantial loss of genetic lineages from the Chalcolithic to the present, from which it is inferred that such a loss has come producing since the dawn of mankind. If we accept that the mtDNA of the first Moderna settlers of Europe – and, therefore, of our Peninsula– was classified among the European haplogroups, the the entry of African haplotypes into Iberia must have occurred at later stages. Taking into account the data obtained, and without ruling out other minority waves since Africa, the most likely time for the entry of the lineages detected here is the Neolithic. In the sequences recovered from the Cave of Nerja there are two groups well differentiated. While the sequences of the samples of the solutrean stratum belong to European haplogroups the other two samples from the Neolithic period exhibit African motives. This distribution would be consistent with a Neolithic African entry, which would have been superimposed on a Paleolithic substrate of European lineages. However, doubts persist about the attribution of the 2NE and 3NE samples to the solutrense - let us remember-, as has been recently communicated to us (Dr. Miguel Courteous, personal communication). If so, all the samples would be Neolithic. This scenario would contemplate the entry of African lineages both during the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, accompanied, perhaps, by a second contribution from the Near East of typically European lineages today . In the sequences of the individuals from the Chalcolithic sepulchral caves of Abauntz and Tres Montes appear both African and European haplotypes, which it could be explained from various situations: 1) persistence of an ancestral stratum mixed with African roots 2) mix of immigrants arrived from Africa during the Capsian or the Neolithic, with indigenous European descendants; 3) mixture of immigrants arrived from Europe or the Middle East, with indigenous descendants of African origin; 4) or in situ confluence of two migratory flows related to the Neolithic, one from Africa and the other from Europe. The fact that sequences closely related to those of Tres Montes are also found in the the Tell Halula site suggests that they probably entered from Africa at the the beginning of the Neolithic. The “African” lineages of Tell Halula (samples H20 and 2H31) are found today
today only in two individuals from sub-Saharan Africa belonging to the tribes Yoruba and Senegal. Another haplotype related to that of Tell Halula - not described currently- appears five millennia later in the same geographical region in the villa
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Sept 26, 2023 15:04:03 GMT -5
POPULATION CONCLUSIONS 26. Reynolds distance and cluster analysis show that the three sets defined samples ("Paleolithic”, "Neolithic of the Near East” and "Neolithic of the Iberian Peninsula”) are phylogenetically closer to each other than to the current populations. 27. The three sample sets present, in general, a large number of haplotypes unrepresented or low frequency in current populations. 28. Although the ancient populations differ from the current ones, the procedures of phylogenetic reconstruction place the ancient haplotypes as closely related to the present ones, and indicate that, ancient and Moderna, they proceed from a common gene pool. xyyman comment….Saharans? 29. Neolithic samples from the Middle East have a high genetic diversity, similar to that of the current populations of the same geographical region. 30. The Neolithic samples of the Near East are of composition and frequency of haplotypes and haplogroups different from that of the current population of the same region geographical. It is inferred that in the Middle East there has been a change in the genetic composition since the Neolithic. 31. The presence of currently rare haplotypes, common to some samples from the Neolithic site of Tell Ramad and the Druze population of the current Israel, suggests a very likely matrilineal relationship between the two. 32. The presence of sub-Saharan mitochondrial variants in the neolithic sample of The analysis of the Middle East indicates that the gene flow between this region and the continent African has been occurring since before the Neolithic. 33. The haplogroups proposed as markers of the Neolithic expansion towards Europe from the Middle East - especially haplogroup J-, are not found present in the ancient sample obtained from this geographical area. If we discard the sampling bias as a cause, the results suggest that: 1) either the populations the Neolithic that spread in Europe belonged to a later archaeological phase., or 2) that the current substructure of haplogroup J does not have its origin in the Neolithic. 34. Taking into account only the lineage composition of the Neolithic samples of the Middle East, it is equally possible that the mitochondrial diversity of European populations proceed: 1) from the demographic expansions of the Neolithic; 2) from a genetic continuity since the Paleolithic. 35. The ancient samples from the Iberian Peninsula analyzed here have composition and frequency of haplotypes and haplogroups different from that of Iberian populations present, which suggests that, since the Neolithic there has been a change in the genetic composition of these populations. 36. The presence of the motif 16126C-16311C - currently common in populations of Near East- in samples of the Solutrean stratum of the Cave of Nerja and in the chalcolithic deposits of Tres Montes and Abauntz, moves to think about a link by matrilineal route between these ancient populations and the current populations of the East Next. The lack of information from other periods prevents dating the potential connection. However, the absence of this motif in our Neolithic sample of Next The East could indicate that this connection was later than the Neolithic PPNB. 37. The presence of almost 50% of sub-Saharan L1b, L2 and L3 lineages in the chalcolithic deposits of Abauntz and Tres Montes, in Navarre, suggests the existence in the past of an important gene flow from Africa to this geographical region. The the low frequency of these lineages in the current Spanish population indicates that there has been produced a genetic turnover since the Chalcolithic. The entry of African lineages it could have occurred during the Paleolithic, during the Neolithic, or during both periods. The presence of phylogenetically related sequences in chalcolithic deposits of the Iberian Peninsula and in Neolithic and Chalcolithic samples from the Near East points to the Neolithic as the most likely time of entry into the peninsula of these lineages.
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