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Post by djoser-xyyman on Nov 29, 2012 19:55:58 GMT -5
Not even the Vikings were White!!! - more lies about European History
Linea Melchior et al
We have obtained mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence results on subjects from an early Christian cemetery . n the present work we had the opportunity to obtain samples for aDNA analysis from ten Viking Age [22] subjects that at the time of sampling were untouched by humans for 1,000 years
The subjects in the present study are from a non-Christian
burial site, Galgedil (AD 700–1100) in the island of Funen (Figs. 1
and 2), which contains at least 59 inhumations and two cremation
burials (site excavated in 1988, 1999–2002 and 2005). We
obtained samples for aDNA analysis for the present study during
the last excavation from subjects who were C14 dated to about AD 1,000 (Kirsten Prangsgaard, personal communication)
The exhumation of ten subjects was performed in a way as to
prevent contamination with modern human DNA.
To test the overall reliability of the laboratory procedures
used a tooth from an Inuit skull from a burial site in Greenland was used as a control.
We have[glow=red,2,300] assessed mtDNA variation [/glow]in ten Viking subjects from
Galgedil, ca. AD 1,000, in the northern part of Funen, Denmark.
All subjects were untouched by humans at the time of sampling
and additional precautions were taken to minimize the risk of prelaboratory
contamination. mtDNA was extracted independently
from two teeth, PCR amplified, cloned and sequenced.
Results….
Rare mtDNA haplogroups
..however, it is noted that five of the ten
subjects harbour mtDNA haplotypes which have either not been
observed or are infrequent in modern Scandinavians (Table 1). In
particular the observation of haplotype X2c is interesting (subject
G7). Haplogroup X is itself rare (0.9% in Scandinavians [51]) but
has a very wide geographic range, and X2c is a rare subgroup of X accounting for only 5% of 175 Hg X samples surveyed in 2003
[52]. …but X2a has not been detected in Europe and the present
observation of X2c amongst the Vikings does not support this
proposal. Among present day Scandinavians Hg I constitutes ,2%
[55,56], however, we have previously observed a markedly higher frequency (10–20%) of Hg I in Danish Iron Age and Viking Age population samples (Table S3) [16,21]. With the observation of Hg I for subject G6 this trend is also seen for the Viking population
sample from Galgedil. Interestingly, Hg I shows a low frequency (1 out of 114 subjects) among other ancient populations in Italy,
Spain, Great Britain, and early central European farmers 11,12,43,57].
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Post by zarahan on Nov 30, 2012 14:26:46 GMT -5
Define what you mean by "white"... WHere is Hg I at the present time more prevalent?
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 1, 2012 0:13:44 GMT -5
FYI.(I know this can be confusing)
this is MtDNA Hg-I NOT y-DNA HG-I!!!
Modern European main mt-DNA Lineage is hg-H and U5a.
reading this study and others it is coming to light that the female Vikings carry "middle-eastern" and North African lineage.
eg X1 is east African. X2c highest frequency is north africa and the Middle east. R0a is also East African.
This Nordic Viking thing looks like, again, hollywood and European delusional fantasy.
aDNA will clear up a lot of things. If you want to know who an ancient people are.. .. now we can test their DNA!!!!
BTW- X2a is Native American.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 1, 2012 0:25:18 GMT -5
I have at least 25 papers on aDNA on ancient Europeans. There are no male European lineage discovered thus far until about 1000BC. The modern European female lineage hg-H and U5a go a little further back. About 1500BC.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 1, 2012 7:49:50 GMT -5
On mtDNA hg-I from Wiki. Need to look into it more.
Quote:
Outside of Europe, the highest frequencies of mitochondrial haplogroup I observed so far appear in the Cushitic-speaking El Molo (22%) and Rendille (15%) in northern Kenya,[8] Sindhis from Pakistan (8.7%), Kurds from western Iran and Turks from eastern and western Azerbaijan (both 5%), and Mazandarians from northern Iran (4.5%).[9] Found in Svan population from Georgia(Caucasus) I* 4,2%
As I said aDNA will make liars of them.....
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 1, 2012 16:48:55 GMT -5
The female Vikings we probably descended from Ethiopian or Kenyan slaves that were captured and brought to Europe by blonde, blue eyes Nordic males when they were conquering Africa...(wink! wink!)
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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Dec 1, 2012 21:44:50 GMT -5
How do you substantiate this thread's title and subsequent commentary? R0 was found in one pre-Viking grave of a Roman era male. I don't understand how one X2c female in one Viking burial makes the Vikings not white as a whole people? Melchior et al's note in Table 1 on sample G7 says, "Rare but widely spread haplotype throughout Europe,
0.11%."Reidla working with Kivisild in 2004 -- where X was reported in one Amhara, one Tigray, two Ethiopians and two Yemenis -- contributed, Two Ethiopian haplogroup X sequences from this study
have been characterized elsewhere as belonging to
North and East African–specific subclade X1 (Reidla et al.
2003). A control-region sequence similar to the Tigrai
X1 haplotype was found recently in a Gurna sample
from Egypt, though it was probably mislabeled as “L3”
by the authors, since no coding-region markers specific
to either haplogroup X or L3 were determined in that
study (Stevanovitch et al. 2004). Both Yemeni X sequences,
in contrast, belong to the major western Eurasian
subclade X2. What Melchior's ongoing work shows is that Scandinavians did not emerge from a "pure Aryan Nordic race" but from a conglameration of various European genetic populations. That's not the same as saying they were not "white" (in quotes because your meaning of white was never defined). Would you say that [glow=red,2,300]Not even the Kerma Kushites were black!!![/glow] based on just one burial of a rare type also associated with other Africans but also represented in some non-Africans? |
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 2, 2012 7:36:41 GMT -5
Quote: What Melchior's ongoing work shows is that Scandinavians
did not emerge from a "pure Aryan Nordic race" but from
a conglameration of various European genetic populations.  |
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 2, 2012 14:24:31 GMT -5
The answer to Zarahan's questions is . .....AFRICA!!! Correct me if I am wrong.  Haplogroup I is found at very low frequencies (generally < 3%) throughout Europe, Middle East and South Asia. It is nearly absent in parts of Europe (Iberia, South-West France, Ireland) and (repeat)..... the highest frequencies of mitochondrial haplogroup I observed so far appear in the Cushitic-speaking El Molo (22%) and Rendille (15%) in northern Kenya Define what you mean by "white"... WHere is Hg I at the present time more prevalent? |
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Post by Tukuler al~Takruri on Dec 2, 2012 19:45:20 GMT -5
For sure there's a lot of distortion, lies, and overlooking when it comes to Africa's place in population genetics. For instance in all phylogeographies except one we get presented with nearly nothing but L lineages in Africa with U getting a little play and a few maps will begrudge M and maybe N there. Even in the single instance openly admitting R W I N and X, the pooling of WINX hides the fact that I is highest in Africa -- twice as high and more than anywhere else but the Carpathians. Sky high African I allows for an African N origin hypothesis. Population geneticists ain't trying to hear that, see. Their "tools" may be objectively scientific but their interpretations mostly still remain as subjectively biased as some of the worst physical anthropologists and ethnographers; i.e., Seligman, Coon, Baker, etc.  WINX pooling in the above map hides the true frequency of I which is higher than U6. I's frequency matches the level of most L's and even exceeds a few of them. My doubts on the colour of I and X carriers in northern Europe just 1000 years ago is that 1000's, even 10's of 1000's of years had passed since the Hg's entered Europe, time enough for autosomal genes to mask the original colour and features of the deep ancestral mtDNA bearers. But then again, MacRitchie documents dark/swarthy/black Danes and he doesn't mean raven tresses or snow burns though I can't recall his remarks on their facial features. Anyway, read MacRitchie on the Danes 1kya here. Not all of these accounts can be reduced to mere moral metaphor. |
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jun 24, 2014 19:14:52 GMT -5
bump
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jun 24, 2014 20:00:08 GMT -5
What human anthropological evidence that Vikings entered the America's pre-Columbian. Or what genetic evidence? Is this like the fallacious Neanderthal admixture?  That Wiki Link reads like Alice in Wonder Land. No hard evidence. BTW - you do know that some Vikings carried E1b1b? Another Hollywood illusion about blond roving Vikings. So. What authentic evidence of Viking presence in the America?. No Fairy-tale BS. Anthropological evidence or genetic. No BS. But start a new thread, Anyone. There is archaeological evidences apparently |
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jun 24, 2014 20:01:19 GMT -5
Archeological is somewhat "subjective". That is why I said hard evidence. Genetics or Anthropological. Anyone!?
Is there real evidence that the Vikings were present in the Americas or is this another internet folklore spread by delusional Eurocentrics.
I have never seen ANY hard evidence of Vikings being present in the Americas...NONE!
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jun 24, 2014 20:10:19 GMT -5
Quote by National Geographics === For the past 50 years—since the discovery of a thousand-year-old Viking way station in Newfoundland— archaeologists and amateur historians have combed North America's east coast searching for traces of Viking visitors. It has been a long, fruitless quest, littered with bizarre claims and embarrassing failures. But at a conference in Canada earlier this month, archaeologist Patricia Sutherland announced new evidence that points strongly to the discovery of the second Viking outpost ever discovered in the Americas In the 1960s U.S. archaeologist Moreau Maxwell had excavated parts of a stone-and-sod building there, describing it as "very difficult to interpret." === what have they discovered? 1. Yarn 2. Whetstones 3. her colleagues detected microscopic streaks of bronze, brass, and smelted iron  Viking presence in the Americas...really? More Lies |
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jun 25, 2014 7:14:29 GMT -5
I looked hard and wide throughout the web. There is no verifiable evidence that the Vikings ever entered the Americas.
No human remains were ever found. Therefore no genetic evidence.
Even on the archeological front. No substantial peiece of evidence was found. No shield, no verified Viking weapons, No ships. All this stuff about Vikings in America is just ……BS.
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