Post by djoser-xyyman on Dec 13, 2017 11:32:17 GMT -5
Let’s do this since many sites with research papers are shutting down.
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Makeup of Saudi Arabia INDIGENOUS population – Khubrani et al 2017
Extensive geographical and social structure in the paternal lineages of Saudi Arabia revealed by analysis of 27 Y-STRs Yahya M. Khubrania,b, Jon H. Wettona,⁎, Mark A. Joblinga,⁎
QUOTES:
Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula. Its population of ∼32 million people is distributed highly non-uniformly
(Fig. 1), with very low densities in its large desert areas, but high densities concentrated around a small number of cities. Its indigenous
Arab people (∼63% of the population; www.stats.gov.sa, accessed 12/ 07/17) are historically organized into geographically-differentiated
patrilineal descent groups, or tribes [1], with a tradition of consanguinity [2]. This geographical and social organization might be
expected to have an effect on patterns of genetic diversity, particularly regarding the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY),
xyyman comment: So close to 40% of “Saudi Arabians” are NOT indigenous!!! Never knew that.
Materials and methods
2.1. DNA sampling
Five hundred and ninety-seven DNA samples were collected from indigenous Saudi Arabian males who were ethnically and linguistically
Arabic. Of these, 503 were extracted from blood spots on FTA cards (Whatman, UK), sampled from individuals recruited within Saudi Arabia itself.
Xyyman comment: what is an ethnic Arab who is indigenous? Anyways These are “indigenous” Arabs.
One copy of the duplicated STR DYF387S1 a/b carries a .2 allele in 14 haplotypes, and of these haplotypes, ten are predicted to belong to
the generally rare hg B, and are therefore likely identical by descent –these have been observed previously in the same haplogroup
xyyman comment: So the indigenous Arabs acrry “pygmy” Haplogroup B!!
Most predicted haplogroups form coherent clusters, with the ***exception*** of haplogroup E1b1b, which forms two well-separated clusters, possibly indicating
distinct sub-lineages that cannot be reliably distinguished by the prediction method used; the same split of haplogroup E1b1b is seen in
xyyman comment: So These indigenous Arabs carry two distinct sub-haplogroup E1b1b. I wonder what they are?
However, the network’s major feature is a central star-like cluster of closely related haplotypes assigned to haplogroup J1 (71% of the total sample), suggesting
a recent expansion for this set of lineages. We estimated the TMRCA of this cluster using the average-squared distance method and a
mean pedigree-based STR mutation rate. Considering the total set of 23 non-duplicated Y-STRs, this yields a TMRCA of 2494 ± 487 years;
removal of rapidly-mutating markers, which might be expected to bias the estimate, reduces the number of STRs to 18 and increases the age
slightly to 2754 ± 389 years. Application of the same methods to the FamilyTreeDNA dataset of confirmed haplogroup J1 haplotypes yields
very similar estimates, for example 2783 ± 394 years for the reduced set of 18 Y-STRs. It is worth noting that use of the so-called ‘evolutionary’
average mutation rate of 6.9 ×10−4 per STR per generation [27] yields greatly elevated and very divergent TMRCA estimates for 23
and 18 Y-STRs in our own dataset of 19,835 ± 3874 years and 9809 ± 1916 years respectively.
Xyyman comment: So depending on the method used the age of a Haplogroup can vary from 3000years to close to 20,000YEARS! Looks like AMH OOA may be much younger than we think. Remember Most of the yDNA found in LSA Africans like Malawi-Hora-81000BP was yDNA A/B? Surprisingly yDNA M2-E1b1a was NOT found neither was E1b1b-M35. Now a different picture may be emerging. Keep in mind yDNA-B has been found in Persia/Iran. IIRC even in the Makrani. Hmmm this is becoming real interesting.
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Makeup of Saudi Arabia INDIGENOUS population – Khubrani et al 2017
Extensive geographical and social structure in the paternal lineages of Saudi Arabia revealed by analysis of 27 Y-STRs Yahya M. Khubrania,b, Jon H. Wettona,⁎, Mark A. Joblinga,⁎
QUOTES:
Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula. Its population of ∼32 million people is distributed highly non-uniformly
(Fig. 1), with very low densities in its large desert areas, but high densities concentrated around a small number of cities. Its indigenous
Arab people (∼63% of the population; www.stats.gov.sa, accessed 12/ 07/17) are historically organized into geographically-differentiated
patrilineal descent groups, or tribes [1], with a tradition of consanguinity [2]. This geographical and social organization might be
expected to have an effect on patterns of genetic diversity, particularly regarding the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY),
xyyman comment: So close to 40% of “Saudi Arabians” are NOT indigenous!!! Never knew that.
Materials and methods
2.1. DNA sampling
Five hundred and ninety-seven DNA samples were collected from indigenous Saudi Arabian males who were ethnically and linguistically
Arabic. Of these, 503 were extracted from blood spots on FTA cards (Whatman, UK), sampled from individuals recruited within Saudi Arabia itself.
Xyyman comment: what is an ethnic Arab who is indigenous? Anyways These are “indigenous” Arabs.
One copy of the duplicated STR DYF387S1 a/b carries a .2 allele in 14 haplotypes, and of these haplotypes, ten are predicted to belong to
the generally rare hg B, and are therefore likely identical by descent –these have been observed previously in the same haplogroup
xyyman comment: So the indigenous Arabs acrry “pygmy” Haplogroup B!!
Most predicted haplogroups form coherent clusters, with the ***exception*** of haplogroup E1b1b, which forms two well-separated clusters, possibly indicating
distinct sub-lineages that cannot be reliably distinguished by the prediction method used; the same split of haplogroup E1b1b is seen in
xyyman comment: So These indigenous Arabs carry two distinct sub-haplogroup E1b1b. I wonder what they are?
However, the network’s major feature is a central star-like cluster of closely related haplotypes assigned to haplogroup J1 (71% of the total sample), suggesting
a recent expansion for this set of lineages. We estimated the TMRCA of this cluster using the average-squared distance method and a
mean pedigree-based STR mutation rate. Considering the total set of 23 non-duplicated Y-STRs, this yields a TMRCA of 2494 ± 487 years;
removal of rapidly-mutating markers, which might be expected to bias the estimate, reduces the number of STRs to 18 and increases the age
slightly to 2754 ± 389 years. Application of the same methods to the FamilyTreeDNA dataset of confirmed haplogroup J1 haplotypes yields
very similar estimates, for example 2783 ± 394 years for the reduced set of 18 Y-STRs. It is worth noting that use of the so-called ‘evolutionary’
average mutation rate of 6.9 ×10−4 per STR per generation [27] yields greatly elevated and very divergent TMRCA estimates for 23
and 18 Y-STRs in our own dataset of 19,835 ± 3874 years and 9809 ± 1916 years respectively.
Xyyman comment: So depending on the method used the age of a Haplogroup can vary from 3000years to close to 20,000YEARS! Looks like AMH OOA may be much younger than we think. Remember Most of the yDNA found in LSA Africans like Malawi-Hora-81000BP was yDNA A/B? Surprisingly yDNA M2-E1b1a was NOT found neither was E1b1b-M35. Now a different picture may be emerging. Keep in mind yDNA-B has been found in Persia/Iran. IIRC even in the Makrani. Hmmm this is becoming real interesting.