No back migration of Eurasian with R1b-V88? - Daniel Shriner

[djoser-xyyman]

No back migration of Eurasians with R1b-V88? - Daniel Shriner2018

Genetic History of Chad-Daniel Shriner making name for himself. Nice!!

Abstract
Objectives: The Sahel is a semi-arid zone stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the
Red Sea in the east and from the Sahara in the north to the Sudanian Savanna in the south.
Here, we investigated the genetic history of the spread of Northern African ancestry common
among Berbers, the Y DNA haplogroup R1b-V88, and Chadic languages throughout the Sahel,
with a focus on Chad.

Materials and methods: We integrated and analyzed genotype data from 751 individuals from
Chad, Burkina Faso, Mali, South Sudan, and Sudan in the context of a global reference panel of
5,966 individuals.

Results: We found that genetic diversity in Chad was broadly divided by a north–south axis.
The core ancestry of Southern Chadians was Central African, most closely related to Pygmies.
Southern Chadians then experienced four waves of gene flow over the last 3,000 years from
West-Central Africans, Eastern Africans, West-Central Africans again, and then Arabians?. In contrast,
Northern Chadians did not share Central African ancestry and were not influenced by the
first wave of West-Central Africans but were influenced by Northern African ancestry.

Discussion: We found that Y DNA haplogroup R1b entered the Chadian gene pool during Baggarization.
Baggara Arabs spoke Arabic, not Chadic, implying that people carrying R1b-V88 were
not responsible for the spread of Chadic languages, which may have spread approximately
3,700 years ago.

We found ***no evidence*** for migration of ***Near Eastern farmers*** or any ancient
Episodes**** involving Eurasian backflow****.

Xyyman comment: Question aren't the Arabs near Easterners? Isn't the statement contradictory? But let us read the paper!!!

[djoser-xyyman]

As I stated many time. Unsupervised analysis is better. Here Shrine is stating "supervised' is more "efficient....not accurate.

Quote:
2.2 | Projection analysis
There are three ways to perform clustering analysis to learn about
population structure in a sample. In unsupervised clustering, there are
no reference data and population structure in the sample is learned de
novo. The number of ancestries, ancestry-specific allele frequencies,
and mixing proportions are all unknown. In semi-supervised clustering,
the number of ancestries is fixed by the reference panel. Initial estimates
of the ancestry-specific allele frequencies are also provided by
the reference panel and then are updated, jointly considering the sample
and reference data, while mixing proportions in the sample are
learned. In supervised clustering, both the number of ancestries and
the ancestry-specific allele frequencies are fixed by the reference
panel. Only the mixing proportions in the sample are learned. With a
small amount of sample data and a large amount of reference data,
supervised clustering is the most efficient of the three approaches.

[djoser-xyyman]

As I said looks like Shriner is mocking many Eurocentric genetic papers with his own unique Eurocentric spin. This is debunking the R-V88 back-migration paper from the Near East?

Quote:

" Gene flow in Southern Chad
We next investigated the genetic history of Southern Chad. Based on
similar ancestral profiles, we combined the Laal and Sara to increase
the sample size of the admixed test sample"

These results suggest that R1b was introduced into indigenous Eastern African peoples by Arabs who had
already experienced introgression with Western Asian ancestry.

To do this, we combined the Sudanese Arabs and Nubians
into the test sample; we used a Bedouin sample as a reference reflecting
Arabian ancestry (Li et al., 2008); and we combined Abkhazian,
North Ossetian, and Armenian samples into one reference sample
reflecting predominantly Western Asian ancestry (Yunusbayev et al.,
2012). We detected one gene flow event that occurred 28 generations
ago (Table 4).

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

Shriner got a history of interesting reports.
Solo or no more than a quartet of teammates.
One report had two African co-authors.
Him and Rotimi traced all Sickle Cell to the African Humid Period.
That's 11kya and associated with E-M4732 and immediate offspring E-L485 & E-U175.


Africanization of Arabs deep in Sudan are the sources of Baqqara Arabs.
They come in at least 21 flavors of African ethnies in degrees absorbing once nomadic Arabs.
Arabs who left south Egypt heading up river far as the White Nile.
Then they spread from Kordofan, Darfur, and on to Lake Tschad.

In all cases these Africanized Arabs speak Arabic even when Sudanese in features.
These people had no qualms about co-equal intermarriage with Arab(ic) identification.


But the big show in Chad are the Kanuri peoplehood.
NiloSaharan Teda related Zaghawa move in on Chadic speakers' Lake Chad.
The Shuwa branch of Baqqara (Cow) Arabs (inspired by Fulani and terrain too tough for camels?) and other groups are brought in too.
Kanuri peoplehood and Kanem Bornu result.
Altogether a nation lasting 1000 years ending in the 1800's.

Dunno how Kanem Borno relates to 'Sao' or Agysimba.

Do know they controlled the Bilma Trail, a route old as the early Holocene.
It's a bi-directional south<-->north portal for 8000 years of transSaharan gene flow and trade.
Don't know who protected the east<-->west trade with Darfur through the Baqqara belt.

Baqqara are too late in time to explain most R-V88 in the east & central Sahel.


'NigerCongo' Moundang and Fula have up to 8.75kyo R-V4963.
The only (?) V88 Shuwa have is V1589 which can be up to 5.73kyo.
But the Chadic Ouldeme are the V88 Champions.
With a 95% frequency, 5 sub-haplogroup diversity, 2 are exclusive.


That's based on D'Atansio.
What are Shriner's figures and peoples for any of
V4963
V5776
V1589
V4759
V6255
V516
V69
V515
V5732
V5781
V5755.

Also, does Shriner mention Kanem Bornu?

[djoser-xyyman]

bump

Yes indeed..."Baqqara are too late in time to explain most R-V88 in the east & central Sahel.". See R-V88 map

Aug 16, 2018 13:49:57 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

Europeans lying again!!!

I told Capra that these Eurasian researchers were lying when they make shyte like the Islanders off the coast of Africa were uninhabited. Cape Verde. If we had our own labs and samples this would be resolved already. The pattern is consistent with R1b/R1b-V88 off the coast of Africa and on mainland Africa since the Holocene. We know R1b was present in the Canary Islands BEFORE the supposed Iberians colonized these Islands. Berbers can migrate across open waters but not their sibling further south?? Lies! Lies! and more lies! If they do a deep dive on the samples and analyzed the haplotypes we would know for sure. But they wouldn’t. Why? Understand the game.


---
Original Research Article
Y-Chromosome Lineages in Sao Tome Prıncipe Islands - Evidence of European Influence - RITA Gonzales


Abstract
The Y-chromosome haplogroup composition of the population of São Tomé e Príncipe (STP) archipelago was analyzed using 25 biallelic markers and compared with populations of different origins from Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Two main Y-chromosome haplogroups were found: E3a, very common among sub-Saharans accounts for 84.2% of the paternal lineages and R1b, typical of West Eurasia, represents 8.7% of the overall male population. Nevertheless, we detected in the population of STP a significant heterogeneous distribution of R1b among the two main ethnic groups of the archipelago: Forros (10.3%) and Angolares (6.6%). Together, haplogroups known to be prevalent in West Eurasia reach 12.5% of the chromosomes analyzed unequally distributed among the two groups: Forros present 17.7% while Angolares display only 8.2% of west Eurasian haplogroups. Our findings suggest that, despite its sub-Saharan genetic background, a relevant contribution of European paternal lineages is present in nowadays STP population. This influence has shown to be stronger in Forros than in Angolares, which could be explained by the social isolation that these have last experienced through their history.

Sao Tome´ e Prıncipe (STP) islands, located in the Gulf of Guinea, 300 km from the West coast of Africa, were **discovered uninhabited** by Portuguese sailors in 1470 (Peres, 1960). Xyyman comment: Yeah riiight! Uninhabited?

The majority of Sa˜o Tome´ population speaks Forros, a mixed dialect between Portuguese and Bantu languages used by liberated slaves, known as Forros, considered the most ancient African inhabitants of the archipelago (Henriques, 2000;

TheAngolares community that inhabits Sa˜o Tome´ Island has resisted to miscegenation and still maintains their one own Bantu language. The origin of the Angolares people remains unknown and popular belief tells they are descends of the
survivors of a slave shipwreck in the middle of the 16th century roaming from the West coast of Africa (Henriques, 2000; Romana, 1997).

A study on b-globin haplotypes and eight autosomal markers (APOA1, AT3, FY, LPL, OCA2, RB1, Sb19.3, and GC) indicated that the peopling of Sa˜o Tome´ provided
the combination of diverse African contributions and European admixture (10.7%)that emerged from the overseas population relocations promoted by the Atlantic slave
trade (Tomas, 2002). A previous study on seven Y-chromosome STR loci detected haplotypes, most likely of European ancestry on Sa˜o Tome´ e Principe, showed statistically significant
differences between Angolares and Forros (Trovoada et al., 2001).

The second most common haplogroup in Sa˜o Tome´ e Principe is R1b (8.7%), a typical haplogroup from Western Europe, most likely carried by Portuguese settlers suggesting their genetic contribution to this population. R1b is more predominant among
Forros (10.3%) than Angolares (6.6%) ethnic groups. Clade R1 is the most frequent and

Haplogroup R1b was found to be the most dominant Y chromosomal lineage in Portugal, including the North Atlantic archipelagos
of Azores and Madeira, covering more than half (55%) of the Y chromosomal lineages in each population (Gonc¸alves et al., 2005).
More than 17% of Caboverdean Y-chromosomes are R1b, a West European influence in the archipelago settlement process (Gonc¸alves
et al., 2003). Other haplogroups found in STP show only marginal frequencies (Fig. 1). Haplogroup I, also a characteristic clade for many different
European populations, constitute 2% of STP population. Among Forros this percentage reaches 4.4%. Haplogroups P* and G, with a
Eurasian origin, and F*, Middle East origin, were found in only one individual each in STP. Considering haplogroups of West Eurasian origin
(R1b, F*, G, I, and P*) found in STP, Forros shows a higher frequency (17.6%) than Angolares (8.2%). Haplogroup A2, one of the basal clades in
the Y-human phylogenetic tree, typical in sub- Saharan Africans at modest frequencies (Semino et al., 2002; Underhill et al., 2000,
2001; Y Chromosome Consortium, 2002), constitutes 1.3% of our samples.

[djoser-xyyman]

Yes Shriner seems to be debunking or at least challenging the old Eurocentric spin but his point of view is still Eurocentric because I am not sure what his hypothesis is. No back-migration from Eurasia but back migration through(Africanized-Bedoiuns) Arabs from Eurasia? ….. Huh?


Same as with Natufians when he claimed they had admixture from East SSA depending on the alignment or reference tools used.…huh?

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

I don't have the full text/pdf but the abstract is explicit.
Not all non-African suorces are disputed, just ancient episodes.

Anyway and again
What are Shriner's figures and peoples for any of
V4963
V5776
V1589
V4759
V6255
V516
V69
V515
V5732
V5781
V5755.

Also, does Shriner mention Kanem Bornu?

[djoser-xyyman]

no R-V88 break down but autosomal data. No R-V88 data means he is BSing. He is using autosomal

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

I don't understand.

Abstract says "... we investigated... the Y DNA haplogroup R1b-V88,"
And "R1b entered the Chadian gene pool during Baggarization."
But which R1b? He be stingy w/t nrY data?!?
"Baggarization" reeks of European ethnocentricism.
Braukämper must be his reference.

Teda-Daza Zaghawa Kanurization is much more important.
They built an empire to last 1000 years.
The Kanuri employed Shuwa (Baqqara cow Arabs) in their cavalry.
Kanem Bornu owned Turk fire armed mercenaries.

And again, does Shriner mention Kanem Bornu?

Is this another report using Africa not for Africans sake?
Is this another report teaching
WestEurasian agency is passive receptive Africa's driving force
in everything from genetic substructure to nation states?
Not from the guy teamed up with SOY Keita back in 2016?

Can't say, ain't read the article. Waiting on printed journal in sci lib.


Thank you Mensa for Shriner's ancestry figures.
These ancestries are defined, built, and explained in

Baker Rotimi Shriner (2017)
Human ancestry
DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-01837-7

Especially Table S3 qv.

Ancestries aren't exactly current populations.
Baker lists 282 populations.
Some few are proxies for each of 21 'prime' ancestries.
Those 21 ancestries heavily correlate to language families.

[djoser-xyyman]

In fact Shriner is coming to these conclusions not on the haplotypes comparison of R-V88 within the populations studies but looking at the autosomal comparison probably based on some frequency algorithm. In other words pure smoke and mirros. But a man or people of his caliber knows better. They have access to the “locked up” datasets from European Nucleotide Archive , They know how to do proper research and analysis. They are not incompetent. It is a shell game. Shriner is just putting a new spin to it.

www.ebi.ac.uk/ena


That is why we need to do our own research when they do give us free access to the datasets.

Example from what I found out about the Abusir dataset from STRiat Razor, BAMAnalysis Kit etc it looks like most if not all the CODIS STRs were not made available. In addition the autosomal SNPS that were released were about 20% of their entire genome. So in other words about 80% of the ABusir genome for each individual was NOT released or not extracted. Odd that no STRs were extracted. I have submitted the dataset to a few companies and NADA, same results. It is a shell game. If Lucas Martin was around he made have processed the dataset already but DNAConsultants seemed to have dropped this like a hot potato.

[djoser-xyyman]

I am not a history buff. In fact I treat all historical documents with suspicion unlike you elders. I have learnt sometimes what we are taught in these books are lies. The Genetic and other scientific evidence do NOT corroborate these “written” historical accounts. I first go to the scientific proof to see if it validates the historical accounts as written. In factI prefer to go to the books written back in the early 1800-1900’s. These seems to be more honest and not biased. Example. I learnt that many 1800-older writers did not believe in this Indonesians to Madagascar nonsense. Many came to the same conclusion as I. Another example – Cape Verde. There are early accounts that speculated that Cape Verde was occupied BEFORE the Portuguese arrived. We know that Cape Verdeans genetic makeup can NOT be accounted for due the Portuguese colonialism. Same as Expulsion of Jews and “Arabs’ from Iberia/ Spain. There is no genetic evidence it did occur. I can go on and on…..



“Teda-Daza Zaghawa Kanurization is much more important.
They built an empire to last 1000 years.
The Kanuri employed Shuwa (Baqqara cow Arabs) in their cavalry.
Kanem Bornu owned Turk fire armed mercenaries”

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

Hoo boy.
Does Shriner mention Kanem Bornu or not?
3rd time I'm asking this question.

[djoser-xyyman]

my bad


Mention? See table one. As I said no mention of the break down of R-V88

“3.6 | Gene flow in Northern Chad
We then investigated the genetic history of Northern Chad. To increase the sample size of the admixed test sample, we combined the Daza, Kanembu, and Tubu samples.

“We called the Y DNA and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups from whole
genome sequences of 11 Chadians (Table 5). Among the patrilines, the
Laal possessed two B1 and one R1, the Tubu possessed two E1b1b1b2
and two R1, and the Sara possessed two E1b1a7a. All 11 matrilines
were of the L macro-haplogroup, with five L0a, one L1b, and five L3
haplogroups. Although underpowered, these data suggest a relative
excess of non-African patrilines, that is, sex-biased gene flow. We also
called Y DNA haplogroups from the Sahelian genotype data (Table 2).
The frequency of R1 was 12.5% in the Sudanese Arabs, 33.3% in the
Daza, and 50% in the Kanembu. The frequency of T, another patriline
indicative of Eurasian immigration, was 44.4% in the Daza (Table 2).”

“Using autosomal data, we found that Western Asian and Arabian
ancestries mixed in the 13th century prior to entering the Sudanese
gene pool. We found that Arabian ancestry migrated from east to
west, having entered the Sudanese gene pool 20 generations ago, the
Chadian gene pool 15 generations ago, and the Cameroonian and
Nigerian gene pools 10 generations ago. Linguistic data support this
path: Nigerian Arabic and Chadian Arabic are closer to Sudanese Arabic
than to Arabic in Northern Africa (Owens, 1994). We also found
that R1b was present in many populations other than Chadic
speakers.”

[Tukuler al~Takruri]

Thanks

But I'm asking about text like
"... Ibn Furtu, the grand Imam of the Bornu Empire during the reign of Mai Idris Alooma ..."

Kanem-Bornu would be in the text not the data.
Doing a find on kanem or bornu would locate either in Shriner's text.

[djoser-xyyman]

this is what I did


"doing a find on kanem or bornu would locate either in Shriner's text.

Read more: egyptsearchreloaded.proboards.com/thread/2777/back-migration-eurasian-daniel-shriner#ixzz5TR0TdGs5"