Paleogenetic Study of Ancient Mummies at the Kurchatov Inst.
Aug 24, 2021 20:21:00 GMT -5
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Post by kel on Aug 24, 2021 20:21:00 GMT -5
link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1995078020050183
Published: 22 March 2021
Nanotechnologies in Russia volume 15, pages 524–531 (2020)
Paleogenetic Study of Ancient Mummies at the Kurchatov Institute
E. B. Yatsishina, E. S. Bulygina, S. V. Vasilyev, R. M. Galeev, N. V. Slobodova, S. V. Tsygankova & F. S. Sharko
Abstract
An interdisciplinary study of ten ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, which date back to the 1st millennium BCE–beginning of the Common Era, was carried out at the NRC Kurchatov Institute. At the initial stage, they were subjected to computerized tomo-graphy (CT), which became the basis for further research: anthropological, medical, and forensic analysis. For paleogenetic and isotopic analysis, the best-preserved bone tissue samples of mummies based on CT data were taken. The article presents the results of experimental studies that determined the mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups of some of the studied mummies, the sex previously established by anthropologists was confirmed, the DNA of certain pathogens were found, and isotope analysis was carried out. The data obtained by natural scientific methods supplement important historical information on the genetic diversity of the population of Ancient Egypt and migration processes in this region.
One of the haplogroups, E1b1b1a1b2a4b5a, identified in this study was previously described in a large-scale genetic analysis of mummies of the Preptolemaic, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods
___________________
The mummy of the 1st millennium BC NS. from the collection of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin No. 3 (1.1а 1290 Pushkin Museum) identified the rare Y-chromosomal haplogroup R-V1636 (R1b1a1b) and mitochondrial haplogroup L3h , in mummy No. 4 (1.1а 5302 Pushkin Museum) - Y-chromosomal haplogroup E1b1b1a1b2a4b5a and mitochondrial haplogroup N5 , in sample No. 1 (1.1а 1241 GMII) - mitochondrial haplogroup N
_______________________
R-L389, also known as R1b1a1 (L388/PF6468, L389/PF6531), contains the very common subclade R-P297 and the rare subclade R-V1636.
samples
1
#1241
Mummy. 1st millennium BC
Undetermined Y-chromosome coverage,
mtDNA N
2485T 3622G 3628T 3630T 3631A 3634A 3643T 3649T3652C 3658A 3667A 3673C 3679T 3685A 3688T 3694A 3700A 3703C 3706A 3712C 3715C 9378A 13709A 14213T
3
#1290
Mummy. 1st millennium BC (?)
Y R1b1a1b
mtDNA L3h1
2708A 9345T 9378A 11018T
4
#5302
Mummy in a sarcophagus with a name of lady Tashet. 4th–1st centuries BC
Y E1b1b1a1b2a4b5a
mtDNA N5
3145G 15131T 15137G 15143A 15146A 15149A 15155A 15176A
in three cases the sex was different from that indicated inthe catalogue of the Pushkin Museum (I, 1a 5301, 5302,5303).
We assume that before the museum acquiredthe mummies,
they were placed in sarcophagi that did not belong to them, which led to erroneous attribution.
________________________________
en.wikipedia.org
Haplogroup E-M215
Loosdrecht et al. (2018) analysed genome-wide data from seven ancient Iberomaurusian individuals from the Grotte des Pigeons near Taforalt in eastern Morocco. The fossils were directly dated to between 15,100 and 13,900 calibrated years before present. The scientists found that all the male specimens with sufficient nuclear DNA preservation belonged to the E1b1b1a1 (M78) subclade, with one skeleton bearing the E1b1b1a1b1 parent lineage to E-V13
L3h1 – Primarily found in East Africa with branches of L3h1b1 sporadically found in the Sahel and North Africa.
tinyurl.com/szssbmr
A Multidisciplinary Study of Egyptian Mummies from the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Methodical Aspects)
We present the results of a multidisciplinary study (the first one in Russia) of nine Egyptian mummies owned by the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow), carried out at the Kurchatov Institute. A detailed description of the methods is provided. X-ray computed tomography is shown to be a highly informative non-destructive technique for studying the structures of mummies. On the basis of the results, plus the conclusions of forensic experts, a detailed anthropological analysis was conducted. Mummification techniques, sex, and age of all individuals were assessed. In three cases, the sex differed from that indicated in the museum inventory. Morphologically, all crania represent varieties of the Mediterranean type. One individual, however, has typically sub-Saharan features. Pathological changes concern mostly the spine and are both age-related and traumatic. In two individuals, spinal pathologies might have caused death
...Morphologically, all crania represent varieties of the Mediterranean type. One individual, however, has typically sub-Saharan features. Pathological changes concern mostly the spine and are both age-related and traumatic. In two individuals, spinal pathologies might have caused death.
Mummy I,
# 1a 6756
Mummy in a cartonnage coffin. 1st–3rd centuries AD (?)
The craniological traits differs harply from the entire series and have pronounced sub-Saharan features: a low cranial vault, a weak horizontal protrusion, and a relatively short and wide, slightly protruding, low-bridged nose, and alveolar prognathism.
Published: 22 March 2021
Nanotechnologies in Russia volume 15, pages 524–531 (2020)
Paleogenetic Study of Ancient Mummies at the Kurchatov Institute
E. B. Yatsishina, E. S. Bulygina, S. V. Vasilyev, R. M. Galeev, N. V. Slobodova, S. V. Tsygankova & F. S. Sharko
Abstract
An interdisciplinary study of ten ancient Egyptian mummies from the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, which date back to the 1st millennium BCE–beginning of the Common Era, was carried out at the NRC Kurchatov Institute. At the initial stage, they were subjected to computerized tomo-graphy (CT), which became the basis for further research: anthropological, medical, and forensic analysis. For paleogenetic and isotopic analysis, the best-preserved bone tissue samples of mummies based on CT data were taken. The article presents the results of experimental studies that determined the mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups of some of the studied mummies, the sex previously established by anthropologists was confirmed, the DNA of certain pathogens were found, and isotope analysis was carried out. The data obtained by natural scientific methods supplement important historical information on the genetic diversity of the population of Ancient Egypt and migration processes in this region.
One of the haplogroups, E1b1b1a1b2a4b5a, identified in this study was previously described in a large-scale genetic analysis of mummies of the Preptolemaic, Ptolemaic, and Roman periods
___________________
The mummy of the 1st millennium BC NS. from the collection of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin No. 3 (1.1а 1290 Pushkin Museum) identified the rare Y-chromosomal haplogroup R-V1636 (R1b1a1b) and mitochondrial haplogroup L3h , in mummy No. 4 (1.1а 5302 Pushkin Museum) - Y-chromosomal haplogroup E1b1b1a1b2a4b5a and mitochondrial haplogroup N5 , in sample No. 1 (1.1а 1241 GMII) - mitochondrial haplogroup N
_______________________
R-L389, also known as R1b1a1 (L388/PF6468, L389/PF6531), contains the very common subclade R-P297 and the rare subclade R-V1636.
samples
1
#1241
Mummy. 1st millennium BC
Undetermined Y-chromosome coverage,
mtDNA N
2485T 3622G 3628T 3630T 3631A 3634A 3643T 3649T3652C 3658A 3667A 3673C 3679T 3685A 3688T 3694A 3700A 3703C 3706A 3712C 3715C 9378A 13709A 14213T
3
#1290
Mummy. 1st millennium BC (?)
Y R1b1a1b
mtDNA L3h1
2708A 9345T 9378A 11018T
4
#5302
Mummy in a sarcophagus with a name of lady Tashet. 4th–1st centuries BC
Y E1b1b1a1b2a4b5a
mtDNA N5
3145G 15131T 15137G 15143A 15146A 15149A 15155A 15176A
in three cases the sex was different from that indicated inthe catalogue of the Pushkin Museum (I, 1a 5301, 5302,5303).
We assume that before the museum acquiredthe mummies,
they were placed in sarcophagi that did not belong to them, which led to erroneous attribution.
________________________________
en.wikipedia.org
Haplogroup E-M215
Loosdrecht et al. (2018) analysed genome-wide data from seven ancient Iberomaurusian individuals from the Grotte des Pigeons near Taforalt in eastern Morocco. The fossils were directly dated to between 15,100 and 13,900 calibrated years before present. The scientists found that all the male specimens with sufficient nuclear DNA preservation belonged to the E1b1b1a1 (M78) subclade, with one skeleton bearing the E1b1b1a1b1 parent lineage to E-V13
L3h1 – Primarily found in East Africa with branches of L3h1b1 sporadically found in the Sahel and North Africa.
tinyurl.com/szssbmr
A Multidisciplinary Study of Egyptian Mummies from the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Methodical Aspects)
We present the results of a multidisciplinary study (the first one in Russia) of nine Egyptian mummies owned by the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (Moscow), carried out at the Kurchatov Institute. A detailed description of the methods is provided. X-ray computed tomography is shown to be a highly informative non-destructive technique for studying the structures of mummies. On the basis of the results, plus the conclusions of forensic experts, a detailed anthropological analysis was conducted. Mummification techniques, sex, and age of all individuals were assessed. In three cases, the sex differed from that indicated in the museum inventory. Morphologically, all crania represent varieties of the Mediterranean type. One individual, however, has typically sub-Saharan features. Pathological changes concern mostly the spine and are both age-related and traumatic. In two individuals, spinal pathologies might have caused death
...Morphologically, all crania represent varieties of the Mediterranean type. One individual, however, has typically sub-Saharan features. Pathological changes concern mostly the spine and are both age-related and traumatic. In two individuals, spinal pathologies might have caused death.
Mummy I,
# 1a 6756
Mummy in a cartonnage coffin. 1st–3rd centuries AD (?)
The craniological traits differs harply from the entire series and have pronounced sub-Saharan features: a low cranial vault, a weak horizontal protrusion, and a relatively short and wide, slightly protruding, low-bridged nose, and alveolar prognathism.