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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 21:09:51 GMT -5
In summary
1. Autosomally(AIM) the La Brana Man is neither close to YRI or CEU. North Africans were not included in the study. Why?
2. Most likely he carried Y-DNA Haplogroup C6 presently found in Southern Europe and North Africa
3. His mtDNA lineage is U5b2c1 found in less than 0.2% of modern Europeans. Infact there is more African mtDNA L found in Europe than this marker. No data is available on other modern populations.
4. His skin was extremely dark. May be pitch black. Judging from the ancestral markers for skin pigmentation. Maybe darker than most Yoruban. See charts
5. There is a 50/50 chance he had brown eyes versus non-brown eyes. One SNP marker for eye color predicts brown the other predicts non-brown. So may be light brown eyes.
6. He was lactose intolerant – meaning he could not digest milk as an adult. Modern Africans are 50/50 on lactose intolerant. Modern Europeans are 60/40 in favor of lactose tolerant. I am lactose tolerant.
Read on…..
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 21:10:21 GMT -5
A 5000BC Black European La Brana Man– was he a Mesolithic slave?
This is from the actual study,. My advice when reviewing this stuff stay away from the blogs and Forum…and media. Read the actual study!!
Here are some excerpts from the study.
Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7,000-year-old Mesolithic European - Carles Lalueza-Fox1
And
From : Genomic Affinities of Two 7,000-Year-Old Iberian Hunter-Gatherers - Carles Lalueza-Fox1
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Here we sequence an approximately 7,000-year-old Mesolithic skeleton discovered at the La Bran˜a-Arintero site in Leo´n, Spain, to retrieve a complete pre-agricultural European human genome. Analysis of this genome in the context of other ancient samples suggests the existence of a common ancient genomic signature across western and central Eurasia from the Upper Paleolithic to the Mesolithic. The La Bran˜a individual carries ancestral alleles in several skin pigmentation genes, suggesting that the light skin of modernEuropeans was NOT yet ubiquitous in Mesolithic times. Moreover, we provide evidence that a significant number of derived, putatively adaptive variants associated with pathogen resistance in modern Europeans were already present in this hunter-gatherer.
we found the ancient genome to carry the ancestral allele for lactose intolerance4 and approximately five copies of the salivary amylase (AMY1) gene (Extended Data Fig. 7 and Supplementary Information), a copy number compatible with a low-starch diet18. These results suggest the La Bran˜a hunter-gatherer was poor at digesting milk and starch, supporting the hypotheses that these abilities were selected for during the later transition to agriculture.
Of the ten variants, the Mesolithic genome carried the ancestral and non-selected allele as a homozygote in three regions:C12orf29 (a gene with unknown function), SLC45A2 (rs16891982) and SLC24A5 (rs1426654) (Table 1).
We subsequently examined all genes known to be associated with pigmentation in Europeans22, and found ancestral alleles in MC1R, TYR and KITLG, and derived alleles in TYRP1, ASIP and IRF4 (Supplementary Information). Although the precise phenotypic effects cannot currently be ascertained in a European genetic background, results from functional experiments20 indicate that the allelic combination in this Mesolithic individual is likely to have resulted in dark skin pigmentation and dark or brown hair. Further examination revealed that this individual carried theHERC2 rs12913832*C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the associated homozygous haplotype spanning theHERC2–OCA2 locus that is strongly associated n with blue eye colour2
The genotypic combination leading to a predicted phenotype of dark skin and non-brown eyes is unique and no longer present in contemporary European populations. Our results indicate that the adaptive spread of light skin pigmentation alleles was not complete in some European populations by the Mesolithic, and that the spread of alleles associated with light/blue eye colour may have preceded changes in skin pigmentation.
FROM THE SUPPLEMENTALS:
On the other hand, rs9262, rs1426654 and rs16891982 showed only the non-selected allele in Europeans. Interestingly, rs1426654 and rs16891982 are located in two genes related to pigmentation, SLC24A5 and SLC45A2 respectively20,66. For both genes, La Braña 1 carries alleles absent or extremely rare in modern Europeans.
For SNPs rs16891982, rs1426654 and rs9262 (in SLC45A2, SLC24A5 and C12orf29 respectively) for which La Braña 1 carries the ancestral allele, only two SNPs were found in LD with rs1426654 in YRI, and only one with rs9262 in CEU and YRI (Table S20).
WE ANALYZED A WINDOW OF AROUND 40 VARIANTS AT EACH SIDE OF THE SELECTED SNPS and analyzed their allele frequencies in extant CEU and YRI and compared them with La Braña 1 genotypes (Figure 2). For rs16891982 and rs1426654 most neighboring SNPs that are SEGREGATING in YRI appear FIXED in CEU, while La Braña 1 carries genotypes NOT COMPATIBLE with the present European’s at many sites.
These two novel sequences were aligned against all previously reported mtDNA HVR-1 sequences from European Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic individuals, accounting for a total number of 166 sequences (each 253 bp in length). Serial coalescent simulations showed low support for a population model of genetic continuity from Mesolithic to Neolithic populations, suggesting that mtDNA variation better fitted population models where European Paleolithic/Mesolithic populations WERE REPLACED DURING THE NEOLITHIC TRANSITION ….OR LATER(see Supplemental Experimental Procedures).
The La Bran˜ a 1 mtDNA haplotype was an U5b2c1 (Tables S2 and S3), according to the standard PhyloTree classification [24] and the Haplogroup online tool for haplogroup attribution [25].
At a pan-European level, the same haplotype is found in only 40 out of 22,807 (0.18%) published mtDNA individual sequences. In the latter PCA, where the origin of each Iberian sample is known, it is possible to see that the Mesolithic specimens are not related to modern Basques, contrary to what has been previously suggested in some recent studies [39].
7.4-Y-chromosome analysis
The mean coverage obtained for the Y chromosome (1.4x) prevented us from recovering phylogenetically relevant SNPs at high coverage. However, using unfiltered data, we were able to narrow down the paternal lineage affiliation of La Braña 1 individual (Table S9).
When mutations defining those haplogroups were checked, only ancestral alleles were found in the haplogroup F-defining mutations, whereas seven C-defining mutations (M130, M216, P255, P260, V183, V199 and V232) showed only derived alleles. Thus, La Braña 1 most likely belonged to haplogroup C.
Rather, a new branch within haplogroup C (C6, originally named C7) has recently been identified in several men from Southern Europe, suggesting this could be an ancient European clade51.
The precise affiliation of La Braña 1 in the Y-chromosome phylogeny could be better determined in the future with more data and increased genomic coverage.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 21:14:58 GMT -5
The visual aids for those that find it hard to follow:
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 21:17:15 GMT -5
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 21:19:31 GMT -5
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Post by azrur on Jan 28, 2014 21:38:42 GMT -5
he looks kind of like a north african without the blue eye i have heard other people say north africans went into europe from spain i dont know much about this he remind me of one of the paintings of the guanche people
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 22:12:44 GMT -5
Disruptive huh? I was hoping for a little more cerebral insight or criticism rather a picture spam from the studio, you know, some artist's imagination. Why don't you start another thread if you cannot critique. Although I agree he may be closer North African but they were not included in the study. Anyways the La Brana Man genetically may be extremely dark. Notice the anterior and posterior region of the SNPs for SLC45A2 and SLC24A5 are NOT "segregating" like Nigerians meaning he is "fixed" for black pigmentation. He may look more like a New Guainian.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 22:25:00 GMT -5
These are carriers of yDNA C...like La Brana man!!! This is real!! I rather shy away from modernistic art.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 28, 2014 22:34:06 GMT -5
To those that don't know. New Guianians are the darkest people on the earth. They have a MI higher than YRI according to most studies. So Africans do not have ownership on blackness either. La Brana man although ancestrally African/North African may have looked like Blacks from Australian type peoples.
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Post by azrur on Jan 28, 2014 23:20:22 GMT -5
Disruptive huh? I was hoping for a little more cerebral insight or criticism rather a picture spam from the studio you know some artist's imagination. Why don't start another thread if you cannot critique. Although I agree he may be closer North African but they were not included in the study. Anyways the La Brana genetically may be extremely drak. Notice the anterior and posterior region of the SNPs for SLc45A2 and SLC24A5 and NOT sergregating like Nigerians meaning he "fixed" for black pigmentation. He may look more like a New Guanian. critique of what? that is the picture from what truthteacher website he had put on here are not what the artistic reconstructions do they base it off the skulls and genetics and all that should we not trust any of them? or just this one? i look at the maps the la brana is very far north in the north of spain so i do not think he has a relation to the guanche maybe he is ancestor of the basque people because that is where they live in the north of spain as for who is blackest there is some very darker people even in the picture that you put darker than the man from the new guinea also from andaman islanders look darker than the man from new guinea?
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Post by anansi on Jan 29, 2014 2:03:24 GMT -5
Disruptive huh? I was hoping for a little more cerebral insight or criticism rather a picture spam from the studio you know some artist's imagination. Why don't start another thread if you cannot critique. Although I agree he may be closer North African but they were not included in the study. Anyways the La Brana genetically may be extremely drak. Notice the anterior and posterior region of the SNPs for SLc45A2 and SLC24A5 and NOT sergregating like Nigerians meaning he "fixed" for black pigmentation. He may look more like a New Guanian. critique of what? that is the picture from what truthteacher website he had put on here are not what the artistic reconstructions do they base it off the skulls and genetics and all that should we not trust any of them? or just this one? i look at the maps the la brana is very far north in the north of spain so i do not think he has a relation to the guanche maybe he is ancestor of the basque people because that is where they live in the north of spain as for who is blackest there is some very darker people even in the picture that you put darker than the man from the new guinea also from andaman islanders look darker than the man from new guinea? You are missing the point,the artist rendition is just that you have to read and understand the charts provided above.
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 29, 2014 5:36:50 GMT -5
As stated read the articles. Understand it , then I am open to discussion. The authors stated several things. One he is not really related to modern Europeans and more specifically he is NOT, NOT related to the Basque. Please read both articles. He may not even be closely related to Youruba. But he is black, that is a certainty. Yorubans are segregating for light/dark skin at SNPs for SLC45A2 and SLC24A5 but La Brana Man is "fixed" at the segments. He may really be a throw back from the early migrants that left OOA but through Iberia. i look at the maps the la brana is very far north in the north of spain so i do not think he has a relation to the guanche maybe he is ancestor of the basque people?
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 30, 2014 19:07:10 GMT -5
This paper is a bomb-shell. As I told others over at ES that this is a land mark paper. The magnitude hasn’t really been fully appreciated. So many questions are answered.
The black skin was present in Europe up to about 5000BC. No slavery needed. As it geographically should be. The authors did a really sensible thing in looking at the nucleotides both immediately “upstream” and “downstream” of the SNP of interest eg SLC45A2/ rs16891982. The data was published. Mekova and Rees et al did the same but never illustrated. What the data shows is that in YRI/Yorubans both upstream and downstream regions are MORE variable than in CEU/Europeans. rs16891982 is "between" the variable region. So obviously the Africans had the light skin gene first. So now the simplistic idiots can see that light skin did originate in Africa. Just as Shriver et al suggested. LOL!
To those that have difficulty with the abstract, it is now illustrated. LOL! I have come to the conclusion the researchers know the truth but are slowly releasing the information.
The pattern is consistent with what Rees and Mekova stated years ago. Remove the constraint and light skin will be the dominant skin tone.
In addition, as Carles Lalueza-Fox et al stated in the paper. Not only was La Brana man ancestral at the two major SNP for dark skin tone, at even the other skin tone markers he was ancestral also. My guess is he represented an AMH dead end in Europe. A new population followed him with better adaptive genes. See YRI genetic profile. Better adapted “for anything”.! Even the immune response SNP shows more variability with YRI. But La Brana does not show that diversity with. CEU are in between.
My guess is the perfect man is found in Africa. Nature spent some time getting it right ….in Africa. The first 150,000years
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Jan 30, 2014 19:10:19 GMT -5
Pic spam........…….
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Post by djoser-xyyman on Feb 1, 2014 12:12:46 GMT -5
quote: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lalueza-Fox states: "However, the biggest surprise was to discover that this individual possessed African versions in the genes that determine the light pigmentation of the current Europeans, which indicates that he had dark skin, although we can not know the exact shade." La Brana Man...woman!!
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