Post by zarahan on Aug 31, 2013 19:43:06 GMT -5
PHARAOH ROUNDUP/RECAP from ES
Pharonic limb proportion data - several cluster with Africans
"It can be seen that all the pharonic values, including
those of 'Smakhare', lie much closer to the negro
curve than to the white curve. Since stature
equations only work satisfactorily in the individuals to
whom they have applied have similar proportions to
the population group from which they are derived, this
provides justification for using negro equations for
estimating stature from single bones of the New
Kingdom pharoahs, renforcing the previous findings of
Robins (1983). Furthermore, the Troller and Gleser
white equations for the femur, tibia and humerus yield
stature values that have a much wider spread than
those from negro equations with mean values that are
unacceptably large."
--Robins and Schute. The Physical Proportions and Stature
of New Kingdom Pharaohs," Journal of Human Evolution 12
(1983), 455-465
and
"Robins (1983) and Robins & Shute
(1983) have shown that more consistent
results are obtained from ancient
Egyptian male skeletons if Trotter &
Gleser formulae for negro are used,
rather than those for whites which have
always been applied in the past. .. their
physical proportions were more like
modern negroes than those of modern
whites, with limbs that were relatively
long compared with the trunk, and distal
segments that were long compared with
the proximal segments. If ancient
Egyptian males had what may be termed
negroid proportions, it seems reasonable
that females did likewise."
From:
(Robins G, Shute CCD. 1986.
Predynastic Egyptian stature and
physical proportions. Hum Evol
1:313–324. Ruff CB. 1994.)
"Estimates of living stature, based on
X-ray measurements applied to the
Trotter & Gleser (1958) negro equations
for the femur, tibia and humerus, have
been made for ancient Egyptian kings
belonging to the 18th and 19th dynasties.
The corresponding equations for whites
give values for stature that are
unsatisfactorily high. The view that
Thutmose III was excessively short is
proved to be a myth. It is shown that the
limbs of the pharaohs, like those of other
Ancient Egyptians, had negroid
characteristics, in that the distal
segments were relatively long in
comparison with the proximal segments.
An exception was Ramesses II, who
appears to have had short legs below the
knees."
--Robins and Schute. The Physical
Proportions and Stature of New
Kingdom Pharaohs," Journal of Human
Evolution 12 (1983). 455-465
-----------------------------------------------
Profile on the Nile
"Genetic kinship analyses revealed identical haplotypes in both mummies (table 1); using the Whit Athey’s haplogroup predictor, we determined the Y chromosomal haplogroup E1b1a. The testing of polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci provided similar results in at least one allele of each marker (table 2)."
--Hawass et al 2012. Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III. British Medical Journal, BMJ2012;345:e8268
Haplogroup E1b1a (now known as E-M2) is an
African DNA group, most commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa QUOTE:
"Haplogroup E1b1 now contains two basal branches, E-V38 (E1b1a) and E-M215 (E1b1b), with V38/V100 joining the two previously separated lineages E-M2 (former E1b1a) and E-M329 (former E1b1c). Each of these two lineages has a peculiar geographic distribution. E-M2 is the most common haplogroup in sub-Saharan Africa, with frequency peaks in western (about 80%) and central Africa (about 60%)."
--Trombetta et al 2011. A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2)
PLoS ONE 6(1): e16073.
Armana mummies roundup
DNA Tribes roundup
Pharonic limb proportion data - several cluster with Africans
"It can be seen that all the pharonic values, including
those of 'Smakhare', lie much closer to the negro
curve than to the white curve. Since stature
equations only work satisfactorily in the individuals to
whom they have applied have similar proportions to
the population group from which they are derived, this
provides justification for using negro equations for
estimating stature from single bones of the New
Kingdom pharoahs, renforcing the previous findings of
Robins (1983). Furthermore, the Troller and Gleser
white equations for the femur, tibia and humerus yield
stature values that have a much wider spread than
those from negro equations with mean values that are
unacceptably large."
--Robins and Schute. The Physical Proportions and Stature
of New Kingdom Pharaohs," Journal of Human Evolution 12
(1983), 455-465
and
"Robins (1983) and Robins & Shute
(1983) have shown that more consistent
results are obtained from ancient
Egyptian male skeletons if Trotter &
Gleser formulae for negro are used,
rather than those for whites which have
always been applied in the past. .. their
physical proportions were more like
modern negroes than those of modern
whites, with limbs that were relatively
long compared with the trunk, and distal
segments that were long compared with
the proximal segments. If ancient
Egyptian males had what may be termed
negroid proportions, it seems reasonable
that females did likewise."
From:
(Robins G, Shute CCD. 1986.
Predynastic Egyptian stature and
physical proportions. Hum Evol
1:313–324. Ruff CB. 1994.)
"Estimates of living stature, based on
X-ray measurements applied to the
Trotter & Gleser (1958) negro equations
for the femur, tibia and humerus, have
been made for ancient Egyptian kings
belonging to the 18th and 19th dynasties.
The corresponding equations for whites
give values for stature that are
unsatisfactorily high. The view that
Thutmose III was excessively short is
proved to be a myth. It is shown that the
limbs of the pharaohs, like those of other
Ancient Egyptians, had negroid
characteristics, in that the distal
segments were relatively long in
comparison with the proximal segments.
An exception was Ramesses II, who
appears to have had short legs below the
knees."
--Robins and Schute. The Physical
Proportions and Stature of New
Kingdom Pharaohs," Journal of Human
Evolution 12 (1983). 455-465
-----------------------------------------------
Profile on the Nile
"Genetic kinship analyses revealed identical haplotypes in both mummies (table 1); using the Whit Athey’s haplogroup predictor, we determined the Y chromosomal haplogroup E1b1a. The testing of polymorphic autosomal microsatellite loci provided similar results in at least one allele of each marker (table 2)."
--Hawass et al 2012. Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III. British Medical Journal, BMJ2012;345:e8268
Haplogroup E1b1a (now known as E-M2) is an
African DNA group, most commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa QUOTE:
"Haplogroup E1b1 now contains two basal branches, E-V38 (E1b1a) and E-M215 (E1b1b), with V38/V100 joining the two previously separated lineages E-M2 (former E1b1a) and E-M329 (former E1b1c). Each of these two lineages has a peculiar geographic distribution. E-M2 is the most common haplogroup in sub-Saharan Africa, with frequency peaks in western (about 80%) and central Africa (about 60%)."
--Trombetta et al 2011. A New Topology of the Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E1b1 (E-P2)
PLoS ONE 6(1): e16073.
Armana mummies roundup
DNA Tribes roundup
