Post by zarahan on Jun 2, 2020 19:16:00 GMT -5
Doug said:
Actually minority business associations were originally for blacks because blacks were the main minority group in the 70s.
Minority business associations are voluntary. Each group has
its own, and blacks have long had their own associations
like Booker T’s Nat Negro Biz League (NNBL) from way back. If you
are talking about the minority biz initiatives of the 1960s and 1970s
which did help some black enterprises, yes primarily, but sure enough
white women and others were quickly added into the mix, and they piggybacked
on "affirmative action" as well.
DATA:
Sorry but there was no support on all levels for black businesses.
Not quite. The bulk of the biz support has been from other blacks but there
were some initiatives in the 1960s and 1970s under the “War on Poverty” and
Nixon’s “Black Capitalism” gambit. Several black companies won govt
contracts or financing under these programs. They were partially
helpful to black business, but by the late 1980s they were getting strangled
by Reaganite era backlash. See scholar Juliet Walker quoted above on this.
See also the legendary “Soul City”.
www.citylab.com/equity/2015/11/the-time-republicans-helped-build-an-all-black-town-called-soul-city/414585/
businesses in the cities were owned by white and Jewish merchants and after the riots of the 60s these people left and took the distribution networks, resources and everything else with them. Dr. King was going to start focusing on economics when he was killed, but after he died and the riots ended nobody seriously did anything to put money into black neighborhoods for business development, schools, infrastructure or anything else. Most black politicians that did come along again had no power to take that money from white hands in the first place.
OK.
As for black businesses, yes they were individual mom and pop shops but no larger black grocer association or black small business development association to support and grow those businesses. They operated as individual mom and pop shops which meant they died once the owners died.
True for some, but there were several black grocer associations- some national.
Booker T’s NBL had a number of initiatives going, as did people like
C. Albon Holsey’s Colored Merchants Association, which was making
some progress until the Great Depression hit. I highly recommend
Walker above for a detailed history of Black Business in America.
everettjenkinsbiographies.blogspot.com/2014/01/000024-albon-holsey-african-american.html
The Koreans didn't just have cash either, they came in as part of organized government programs starting in Korea itself to expand opportunities for the Korean hair and beauty industry.
Not quite. Actually Korean immigrants did have enough cash. And today
Korean immigrants bring cash with them, as well as secondary educations
and college. In fact compared to other groups, Korean immigrants are richer
and more educated. QUOTE:
Contemporary Korean immigrants tend to be highly educated and of high socioeconomic
standing compared to other immigrant groups and the overall U.S.-born population.”
www.migrationpolicy.org/article/korean-immigrants-united-states
Going into the 70s Korea was already one of the biggest, if not biggest exporters of wigs in the world. As a result of the civil rights movement and the changes to the immigration laws, the Korean government actually helped promote Koreans going to the US to make inroads into the beauty industry directly. Again, this was not an individual mom and pop affair of one Korean individual by themselves doing everything. This was about a collective network of people supported by their own government working to further economic development.
Sure. And they were successful in their organization and game plan.
And if as you say the Korean govt helped them, then they did have
cash or credit resources to muscle in on the hood.
And of course what did Koreans know about America and the inner cities? Where did they learn all the bureaucratic processes and red tape that had to be overcome to get into business?
You don’t need to know a lot about US bureaucracy or inner cities.
What you need is your tight ethnic networks providing cash and
financing, a storefront and product, plus cheap labor, long hours,
and a minimum of English. Which is why so many immigrant
groups not speaking English well and knowing little about America
are holding their own in business.
Part of it came from the former inner city property owners who owned the buildings even after the stores closed due to white flight but allowed the Koreans to open up shop.
Sure. They allowed the Koreans to open shop because the Koreans could
put down enough cash to outmuscle other competitors, and grab available
storefronts and corner stands.
The other part was support for government and the previously mentioned support organizations.
Keep in mind that they didn’t need to depend on political establishments
whether black or white. All they needed to do was outbid black
and Hispanic competition by grabbing available storefronts and stands.
Nobody called Koreans racist for having their own "korean" business associations or having "Koreatowns" with Korean language signs on all the businesses. Nobody does that for Mexicans or other Latino groups either and they also come in as a group not simply one individual trying to do everything by themselves.
True in part, but keep in mind that black business is not simply a tale
of one person trying to do everything by themselves. There have been
numerous black biz networks and even cooperatives, in the teeth of
the most powerful and enduring racist opposition. See for example
the book Collective Courage, about many promising black co-ops.
geo.coop/content/history-black-cooperatives
Yet when it comes time for a black business association or black economic
development association you don't get the support you need.
True in part, and part of the problem has been lack of black community
support SOMEtimes. There has not been much govt support either, save
for the successful federal initiatives of the 1960s and 1970s.
You don't get ahead without expanding economic activity in your community. Every other group in America is getting ahead by expanding economic activity in the community. Unfortunately after Dr. king died too many focused exclusively on getting jobs and integration vs expanding economic activity in the community.
True and biz expansion is ONE important part of the package. Jobs is a bigger
part of the package, given that most small businesses fail, whites control/own most biz
properties, and given ruthless competition by other ethnics. Many people forget that
Asians and even Jews were heavily involved in job markets- Jews in the garment trade
for example, or Chinese in railroads and mining, or Japanese in agriculture.
Jobs help finance businesses and provide paying customers. At the same time they
also worked the business end, and kept going higher up the job ladder. The famous
black business districts of old were kept alive by WORKING black people-
ordinary maids, chauffeurs, laborers etc etc. They were they paying customers, who
had cash to pay, precisely because they had jobs. So King’s focus was quite valid
and legit. It could be argued that he should have paid more attention to economics-
I agree. He did not have to go off on the tangents he did when there was still serious
work to be done in the black community, and people at the time told him so.