Bantus with Blue Eyes

[djoser-xyyman]

[djoser-xyyman]

Study conducted on South african colored and Bantu early 1900s

=================
QUANTITATIVE DATA ON SKIN PIGMENTATION IN SOUTH AFRICAN RACES
H. P. WASSERMAN ' AND

Several qualitative studies on skin pigmentation in South
African populations are available:' while the only published
quantitative data, those of Tobias: are concerned
mainly with genetic and anthropological problems.
Weiner et al.. '" in their study of South African populations only include data on the Cape Coloured as measured
in Cape Town, and on some South West African Bantu
and Bushmen populations.

A note was made of the eye colour in each individual.
As most investigators using an eye-colour chart finally
reduce their results to brown-black, intermediate and blue,
no attempt was made to match the eye colour with a
colour chart. Any eye colour that was not brown or blue
was classified as 'intermediate'.

The Bantu group consisted of 104 males of whom 99
were Xhosa, 3 Sotho and 2 of the Bubeka tribe

Note on Eye Colour
Eye colour has been studied by various workers. Our
results largely correspond to previously reported observations.
As far as White males are concerned, the study by
Van der Westhuysen' differs markedly from our findings,
which, however, agree closely with those of Grobbelaar'
and Skinner.' The females in this group have about the
same distribution of eye colour as the males.

In the Bantu, black and brown eyes occurred in all our
cases. Blue or intermediately coloured eyes do, in fact,
occur but are extremely rare.

[truthteacher2007]

At one time I use to think that such a thing was a result of mixing. But as I learn more I realize that so much of what we thought we knew about Africa and Africans has to be reevaluated. Ironically, most of us get our world view in this regard from non Africans and their perceptions of what they think Africa and Africans are. Even more ironic, is that because of the colonial experience, we have come to adopt their world view and now see ourselves through the prism of their lenses.

Seeing that Africa is the source of humanity and the home of the most genetic diversity on the planet it really should come as no surprise that we find features we typically associated with non Africans in Africa. This just says to me the ability to display these traits was always built in and the regularity to which they appear in outside groups was just triggered by environmental circumstances that made it more prevelant in certain areas.

Its interesting though that when you do find blue eyes in Africa they tend to be a very piercing ice blue. But all the pictures show that Africans exhibit all the eye colors found on the planet from brown to green to amber and hazel to the deepest blue. I think we givin this evidence and all the other DNA evidence of haplotypes once thought to be non African turning out to have originated in Africa, we even have to reevaluate our perceptions on skin color. Especially when faced with very fair skinned people in North Africa. Sure there has been mixture, but that isn't always the explanation, only our expectation.

One question though. Why were the South Africans so concerned with charting the physical characteristics of these people in the first place? What was their objective?

Mar 6, 2013 21:52:45 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

Study conducted on South african colored and Bantu early 1900s

=================
QUANTITATIVE DATA ON SKIN PIGMENTATION IN SOUTH AFRICAN RACES
H. P. WASSERMAN ' AND

Several qualitative studies on skin pigmentation in South
African populations are available:' while the only published
quantitative data, those of Tobias: are concerned
mainly with genetic and anthropological problems.
Weiner et al.. '" in their study of South African populations only include data on the Cape Coloured as measured
in Cape Town, and on some South West African Bantu
and Bushmen populations.

A note was made of the eye colour in each individual.
As most investigators using an eye-colour chart finally
reduce their results to brown-black, intermediate and blue,
no attempt was made to match the eye colour with a
colour chart. Any eye colour that was not brown or blue
was classified as 'intermediate'.

The Bantu group consisted of 104 males of whom 99
were Xhosa, 3 Sotho and 2 of the Bubeka tribe

Note on Eye Colour
Eye colour has been studied by various workers. Our
results largely correspond to previously reported observations.
As far as White males are concerned, the study by
Van der Westhuysen' differs markedly from our findings,
which, however, agree closely with those of Grobbelaar'
and Skinner.' The females in this group have about the
same distribution of eye colour as the males.

In the Bantu, black and brown eyes occurred in all our
cases. Blue or intermediately coloured eyes do, in fact,
occur but are extremely rare.

[djoser-xyyman]

[djoser-xyyman]

[djoser-xyyman]

[djoser-xyyman]

Here is an interesting paper presented to the US Department of Justice. To those who can follow:

What the paper is pointing out is there are 3 similar genes that MAY correspond to blue eyes in humans. But only one shows a definite pattern globally. In other words blue eyes are found worldwide in indigenous populations. and of course Northern Europeans has the highest frequency. But notice blue eyes is found worldwide. It is NOT unique to Europe. It is found from Africa to Asia to the New World.

[djoser-xyyman]

Global view of the OCA2-HERC2 region and pigmentation

Michael P. Donnelly • Kenneth K. Kidd


We report that the blue-eye associated alleles at all three haplotypes were found at high frequencies in Europe; however, one is restricted to Europe and surrounding regions.

Selection in the OCA2-HERC2 region

We showed that the strongest signal of selection in Europe and Southwest Asia is at the TG allele of BEH2 and any signal seen at BEH1 and BEH3 is likely due to hitchhiking (Figs. 8, 9). Along with the distribution data, this strongly suggests that the TG allele of BEH2 is, contains, or is in strong LD with the blue eye causal mutation. It is possible that BEH2 is in the promoter region of OCA2 and the blue eye allele lowers the amount of OCA2 expressed either in the iris or globally. This result also raises the question of why blue eyes would be under selection. Since there is NO KNOWN BIOLOGICAL ADVANTAGE TO HAVING BLUE EYES, we think a likely answer is sexual selection that in Europe and Southwest Asia individuals with blue eyes are, or were, preferred as mates. OR BEH2 has another phenotype, such as lighter skin pigmentation, which is under selection.

This research provides further evidence for lighter pigmentation evolving by means of selection at least partly independently in Europeans and East Asians but at some genes in common.

[anastasiaescrava]

What about those who argue that this is Waardenburg Syndrome?

[djoser-xyyman]

Yeah. she has whatever syndrome. Can you post a paper about this whatever syndorme.

Jun 5, 2013 21:12:04 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

[djoser-xyyman]

Jul 22, 2013 18:23:59 GMT -5 anastasiaescrava said:

What about those who argue that this is Waardenburg Syndrome?

There is a reason why I posted this..

[itschac]

djoser xyyman I-I found this fantastic discovery, and I admit that I never knew

[djoser-xyyman]

Research studies

Scientists have identified and located four different genes for Waardenburg syndrome: PAX3, MITF, EDNRB, and EDN3. WS type 1 and 3 have been associated with mutations in the PAX3 gene; WS type 2 with the MITF gene; and WS type 4 with the EDNRB and EDN3 genes. While scientists are studying all of these genes, currently, the most information is available on the PAX3 and MITF genes and their role in Waardenburg syndrome.

The PAX3 gene is located on chromosome 2 and controls some aspects of the development of the face and inner ear. The MITF gene is found on chromosome 3. It also controls the development of the ear and hearing. Scientists are now studying these genes to better understand how they operate in controlling the normal growth of the ear and the development of hearing. This information will help scientists understand why persons with WS sometimes develop hearing problems.

Jul 2, 2013 19:04:48 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

Here is an interesting paper presented to the US Department of Justice. To those who can follow:

What the paper is pointing out is there are 3 similar genes that MAY correspond to blue eyes in humans. But only one shows a definite pattern globally. In other words blue eyes are found worldwide in indigenous populations. and of course Northern Europeans has the highest frequency. But notice blue eyes is found worldwide. It is NOT unique to Europe. It is found from Africa to Asia to the New World.

Mar 6, 2013 21:31:00 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

[anastasiaescrava]

Jul 23, 2013 19:42:58 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

Research studies

Scientists have identified and located four different genes for Waardenburg syndrome: PAX3, MITF, EDNRB, and EDN3. WS type 1 and 3 have been associated with mutations in the PAX3 gene; WS type 2 with the MITF gene; and WS type 4 with the EDNRB and EDN3 genes. While scientists are studying all of these genes, currently, the most information is available on the PAX3 and MITF genes and their role in Waardenburg syndrome.

The PAX3 gene is located on chromosome 2 and controls some aspects of the development of the face and inner ear. The MITF gene is found on chromosome 3. It also controls the development of the ear and hearing. Scientists are now studying these genes to better understand how they operate in controlling the normal growth of the ear and the development of hearing. This information will help scientists understand why persons with WS sometimes develop hearing problems.

Jul 2, 2013 19:04:48 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

Here is an interesting paper presented to the US Department of Justice. To those who can follow:

What the paper is pointing out is there are 3 similar genes that MAY correspond to blue eyes in humans. But only one shows a definite pattern globally. In other words blue eyes are found worldwide in indigenous populations. and of course Northern Europeans has the highest frequency. But notice blue eyes is found worldwide. It is NOT unique to Europe. It is found from Africa to Asia to the New World.

Mar 6, 2013 21:31:00 GMT -5 djoser-xyyman said:

I know I'm being slow here but you are saying the the genes responsible for Waardenburg are completely different from the genes for blue eyes in general?

Also, what's the site where you got the waardenburg genes paragraph from?

I've argued this with some of my Black peers and they cannot fathom a Black person with Blue eyes (or any color other than brown) without admixture or something wrong with them.

They still believe in the "True Negro" archetype.

It's frustrating...

[anastasiaescrava]

Here's my contribution:










I got more if anyone wants to see them...